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Commissioner for Railways (NSW) v Cardy   flag  58

[1960] HCA 45; (1960) 104 CLR 274; [1961] ALR 16; (1960) 34 ALJR 134
High Court of Australia
Australia - Commonwealth
25th July, 1960

Cases Referring to this Case

Case Name Citation(s) Court Jurisdiction Date †  Full Text Citation Index
Esther Alexander v Sunrod Property Inc [2023] ECarSC 14 Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court International 20 Jan 2023 CommonLII flag
Disorganized Developments Pty Ltd v South Australia [2022] SASCA 6 Supreme Court of South Australia - Court of Appeal Australia - South Australia 10 Feb 2022 AustLII flag 2
Mark Eldridge v Agent 47 Pty Ltd trading as Harcourts West Ryde [2021] NSWDC 230 District Court of New South Wales Australia - New South Wales 28 May 2021 AustLII flag
Santo v Davidson [2017] QCATA 27 Queensland Civil and Administrative Tribunal Appeals Australia - Queensland 20 Feb 2017 AustLII flag
"Table of Cases" [2013] ELECD 72 Edited Legal Collections Data Australia circa 2013 AustLII flag
Pga v R [2012] HCA 21; (2012) 245 CLR 355; (2012) 287 ALR 599; (2012) 86 ALJR 641; (2012) 223 A Crim R 170 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 30 May 2012 AustLII flag 63
"Table of Cases" [2012] ELECD 48 Edited Legal Collections Data Australia circa 2012 AustLII flag
Simpson v Grundy [2011] QSC 299 Supreme Court of Queensland Australia - Queensland 6 Oct 2011 AustLII flag 1
Vuli v BW Holdings Ltd [2008] FJHC 351 High Court of Fiji Fiji 17 Dec 2008 PacLII flag
Leichhardt Municipal Council v Montgomery [2007] HCA 6; (2007) 230 CLR 22; (2007) 233 ALR 200; (2007) 81 ALJR 686; (2007) 153 LGERA 55; [2007] Aust Torts Reports 81-873; (2007) 46 MVR 289 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 27 Feb 2007 AustLII flag 112
Edson v Roads & Traffic Authority (NSW) [2006] NSWCA 68; (2006) 65 NSWLR 453; [2006] Aust Torts Reports 81-839; (2006) 45 MVR 183 Supreme Court of New South Wales - Court of Appeal Australia - New South Wales 7 Apr 2006 AustLII flag 20
Abramovic v Brambles Australia Ltd [2005] NSWDDT 30; (2005) 2 DDCR 680 Dust Diseases Tribunal of New South Wales Australia - New South Wales 22 Jul 2005 AustLII flag 1
Commissioner of Main Roads v Jones [2005] HCA 27; (2005) 215 ALR 418; (2005) 79 ALJR 1104; [2005] Aust Torts Reports 81-794; (2005) 42 MVR 289 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 20 May 2005 AustLII flag 58
Moseley v Atherton [2005] QDC 8 District Court of Queensland Australia - Queensland 28 Jan 2005 AustLII flag
Tremeer v City of Stirling [2004] WADC 56 District Court of Western Australia Australia - Western Australia 1 Apr 2004 AustLII flag 1
Brodie v Singleton Shire Council; Ghantous v Hawkesbury Shire Council [2001] HCA 29; (2001) 206 CLR 512; (2001) 180 ALR 145; (2001) 75 ALJR 992; (2001) 114 LGERA 235; [2001] Aust Torts Reports 81-607; (2001) 33 MVR 289; (2001) 22 Leg Rep 13 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 31 May 2001 AustLII flag 711
Pyrenees Shire Council v Day [1998] HCA 3; (1998) 192 CLR 330; (1998) 151 ALR 147; (1998) 72 ALJR 152; 96 LGERA 330; [1998] Aust Torts Reports 81-456 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 23 Jan 1998 AustLII flag 463
Northern Sandblasting Pty Ltd v Harris [1997] HCA 39; (1997) 188 CLR 313; (1997) 146 ALR 572; (1997) 71 ALJR 1428; (1997) 14 Leg Rep 2; [1997] Aust Torts Reports 81-435 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 14 Aug 1997 AustLII flag 373
Cameron v Qantas Airways Ltd [1995] FCA 1304; (1995) 55 FCR 147; [1995] ATPR 41-417 Federal Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 16 Jun 1995 AustLII flag 82
Darwin Port Authority v Zoltac [1995] NTSC 60 Supreme Court of the Northern Territory Australia - Northern Territory 23 May 1995 AustLII flag
Burnie Port Authority v General Jones Pty Ltd [1994] HCA 13; (1994) 179 CLR 520; (1994) 120 ALR 42; (1994) 68 ALJR 331; [1994] Aust Torts Reports 81-264 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 24 Mar 1994 AustLII flag 467
Kevin Geoffrey Hall v Mj Sherrin Pty Ltd; the Australian Capital Territory Electricity Authority; Richard Bowning Ormsby Martin and Josephine Ormsby Martin [1986] ACTSC 80 Supreme Court of the Australian Capital Territory Australia - Australian Capital Territory 5 Sep 1986 AustLII flag
Practice and Procedure [1986] ACTSC 285 Supreme Court of the Australian Capital Territory Australia - Australian Capital Territory 5 Sep 1986 AustLII flag
Papatonakis v Australian Telecommunications Commission [1985] HCA 3; (1985) 156 CLR 7; 57 ALR 1; (1985) 59 ALJR 201; [1985] Aust Torts Reports 80-316 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 5 Feb 1985 AustLII flag 112
Hackshaw v Shaw [1984] HCA 84; (1984) 155 CLR 614; 56 ALR 417; 59 ALJR 156; [1984] Aust Torts Reports 80-312 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 11 Dec 1984 AustLII flag 234
Shaw v Hackshaw [1983] VicRp 75; [1983] 2 VR 65 Australia - Victoria 17 Dec 1982 AustLII flag 4
Introvigne v Commonwealth [1980] FCA 107; (1980) 32 ALR 251; (1980) 48 FLR 161 Federal Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 25 Sep 1980 AustLII flag 24
Veinot v Kerr-Addison Mines Ltd [1975] 2 SCR 311 Supreme Court of Canada Canada 1 Oct 1974 Supreme Court of Canada flag 3
Southern Portland Cement Ltd v Cooper [1973] UKPCHCA 1; (1973) 129 CLR 295 Privy Council Australia - Commonwealth 19 Nov 1973 AustLII flag 10
Cooper v Southern Portland Cement Ltd [1972] HCA 28; (1972) 128 CLR 427 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 5 May 1972 AustLII flag 13
British Railways Board v Herrington [1972] UKHL 1; [1972] AC 877; [1972] 1 All ER 749; 1972 2 WLR 537 House of Lords United Kingdom 16 Feb 1972 BAILII flag 264
Munnings v Hydro-Electric Commission [1971] HCA 27; (1971) 125 CLR 1; [1971] ALR 609; (1971) 25 LGRA 149; (1971) 45 ALJR 378 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 30 Jun 1971 AustLII flag 25
David Jones (Canberra) Pty Ltd v Stone [1970] HCA 28; (1970) 123 CLR 185; [1970] ALR 883; 44 ALJR 320 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 21 Aug 1970 AustLII flag 9
Clayton v Victoria [1968] VicRp 73; [1968] VR 562 Australia - Victoria 17 Jun 1968 AustLII flag 5
Victorian Railways Commissioners v Seal [1966] VicRp 16 Australia - Victoria 24 Sep 1965 AustLII flag 1
Voli v Inglewood Shire Council [1963] HCA 15; (1963) 110 CLR 74; [1963] ALR 657 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 29 May 1963 AustLII flag 374
Commissioner for Railways (NSW) v Anderson [1961] HCA 38; (1961) 105 CLR 42; [1961] ALR 865; (1961) 35 ALJR 128 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 23 Jun 1961 AustLII flag 35
Trethowan v Capron [1961] VicRp 73; [1961] VR 460 Australia - Victoria 13 Feb 1961 AustLII flag 3

Law Reform Reports Referring to this Case

Journal Article Title Citation(s) Author Jurisdiction Date †  Full Text Citation Index
- Occupiers' Liability, Consultation Paper on (LRC CP 7-1993) [1993] IELRC 2 Irish Law Reform Commission Republic of Ireland circa 1993 BAILII flag
- Restitution of Benefits Conferred Under Mistake of Law [1987] NSWLRC 53 New South Wales Law Reform Commission Australia - New South Wales circa 1987 AustLII flag

Law Journal Articles Referring to this Case

Journal Article Title Citation(s) Author Jurisdiction Date †  Full Text Citation Index
"Analogical Reasoning By Reference To Statute: What Is The Judicial Function?" (2019) 42 University of New South Wales Law Journal 4 Gordon, Michelle Australia circa 2019 AustLII flag 2
"Two Problems of Occupiers' Liability: Part One - the Occupiers' Liability Acts and the Common Law" (2015) 39 Melbourne University Law Review 128 Handford, Peter; McGivern, Brenda Australia circa 2015 AustLII flag 1
"Table of Cases" [2013] ELECD 72 Edited Legal Collections Data Australia circa 2013 AustLII flag
"Varieties of Judicial Method in the Late 20th Century" (2012) 34 Sydney Law Review 219 Heydon, J D Australia circa 2012 AustLII flag 2
"Table of Cases" [2012] ELECD 48 Edited Legal Collections Data Australia circa 2012 AustLII flag
"Editorial Comment: Reliving History" [2010] UMelbLRS 6 Luntz, Harold Australia circa 2010 AustLII flag
"Concern about Judicial Method" (2006) 30 Melbourne University Law Review 554 Michael Coper Australia circa 2006 AustLII flag 11
"Century of Torts: Western Australian Appeals to the High Court 1903-2003, A" (2004-2005) 32 University of Western Australia Law Review 106 Handford, Peter Australia - Western Australia circa 2005 AustLII flag
"Legislative and Judicial Law-Making: Can We Locate an Identifiable Boundary" (2003) 24 Adelaide Law Review 15 Mason, Anthony Australia circa 2003 AustLII flag 11
"Forensic Immunity to Negligence Actions: Continuing Challenges for the Common Law" (2002-2003) 22 University of Queensland Law Journal 91 Ann Hocking, Barbara; Muirhead, Stewart Australia circa 2003 AustLII flag
"Future Directions in Australian Law" (1987) 13 Monash University Law Review 149 Sir Anthony Mason Australia circa 1987 AustLII flag 45
"Occupiers' Liability Act 1983 (VIC) Sanity Restored, The" (1983-1984) 14 Melbourne University Law Review 512 Johnstone, Richard Australia circa 1984 AustLII flag
"Tort and Illegality: The Ex Turpi Causa Defence in Negligence Law (Part Two)" (1977-1978) 11 Melbourne University Law Review 164 Ford, W J Australia circa 1978 AustLII flag 1
"Common Law - Tears in the Fabric, The" (1969-1970) 7 Melbourne University Law Review 97 Maher, F K H Australia circa 1970 AustLII flag 2
"Occupiers' Liability Law - Some Developments and Criticism" (1968-1970) 3 University of Tasmania Law Review 82 Atkinson, M C Australia - Tasmania circa 1970 AustLII flag
"Stare Decisis, Judicial Policy and Punative Damages: Uren v John Fairfax & Sons Pty Ltd, Australian Consolidated Press Ltd v Uren" (1968) 6 Sydney Law Review 111 Lehane, J R Australia circa 1968 AustLII flag
"Street: The Law of Torts" (1963-1964) 4 Melbourne University Law Review 420 Pannam, Clifford L Australia circa 1964 AustLII flag
"Commissioner for Railways (NSW) v Quinlan (Occupier's Liability)" (1963-1964) 4 Melbourne University Law Review 583 Chettle, T F Australia circa 1964 AustLII flag
"Occupier's Liability to Visitors: Rich v Commissioner for Railways (NSW); Commissioner for Railways (NSW) v Cardy" (1961) 3 Sydney Law Review 553 Hislop, J I Australia circa 1961 AustLII flag
"Attwood v R (Evidence of Bad Character)" (1961) 3 Melbourne University Law Review 63 Graham, D Australia circa 1961 AustLII flag

Cases and Articles Cited

Case Name Citation(s) Court Jurisdiction Date †  Full Text Citation Index
Rich v Commissioner for Railways (NSW) [1959] HCA 37; (1959) 101 CLR 135; [1959] ALR 1104 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 21 Aug 1959 AustLII flag 18
Qualcast (Wolverhampton) Ltd v Haynes [1959] AC 743; [1959] 2 All ER 38 United Kingdom circa 1959 LexisNexis / Westlaw flag 73
[1959] SR (NSW) 230; 76 WN 166 [1959] SR (NSW) 230; 76 WN 166 Supreme Court of New South Wales Australia - New South Wales circa 1959 flag 1
Perkowski v Wellington Corporation [1959] AC 53 United Kingdom circa 1959 LexisNexis / Westlaw flag 7
AC Billings & Sons v Riden [1957] UKHL 1; [1957] 1 QB 46; [1958] AC 240; [1957] 3 All ER 1 House of Lords United Kingdom 25 Jul 1957 BAILII flag 39
Ashdown v Samuel Williams & Sons Ltd [1957] 1 QB 409 United Kingdom circa 1957 LexisNexis / Westlaw flag 8
Mummery v Irvings Pty Ltd [1956] HCA 45; (1956) 96 CLR 99; [1956] ALR 795 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 15 Aug 1956 AustLII flag 211
Matheson v Attorney-General [1956] NZLR 849 New Zealand circa 1956 LexisNexis flag 2
Perry v Wrigley (Thomas) [1955] 3 All ER 243; [1955] 1 WLR 1164 United Kingdom circa 1955 LexisNexis flag 2
Commissioner for Railways (NSW) v Hooper [1954] HCA 7; (1954) 89 CLR 486 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 5 Mar 1954 AustLII flag 8
Gough v National Coal Board [1954] 1 QB 191; [1953] 2 All ER 1283 United Kingdom circa 1954 LexisNexis / Westlaw flag 7
Hawkins v Coulsdon and Purley Urban DC [1954] 1 QB 319; [1954] 1 All ER 97; [1954] 2 WLR 122 United Kingdom circa 1954 LexisNexis / Westlaw flag 9
Davis v St Mary's Demolition & Excavation Co [1954] 1 All ER 578; [1954] 1 WLR 592; 98 Sol Jo 217 United Kingdom circa 1954 LexisNexis flag 4
Thompson v Bankstown Corporation [1953] HCA 5; (1953) 87 CLR 619 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 5 Mar 1953 AustLII flag 72
Edwards v Railway Executive [1952] AC 737 United Kingdom circa 1952 LexisNexis / Westlaw flag 19
Pearson v Lambeth Borough Council [1950] 2 KB 353 United Kingdom circa 1950 LexisNexis / Westlaw flag 7
Williams v Cardiff Corporation [1950] 1 KB 514 United Kingdom circa 1950 LexisNexis / Westlaw flag 2
Buckland v Guildford Gas Light and Coke Co [1949] 1 KB 410; [1948] 2 All ER 1086; (1949) 113 JP 44 United Kingdom circa 1949 LexisNexis / Westlaw flag 16
Farrugia v Great Western Railway Co [1947] 2 All ER 565 United Kingdom circa 1947 LexisNexis flag 10
Hutchins v Maughan [1946] VicLawRp 63; [1947] VLR 131; [1947] ALR 201 Australia - Victoria 23 Oct 1946 AustLII flag 18
Read v J Lyons & Co Ltd [1946] UKHL 2; [1947] AC 156; [1946] 2 All ER 471 House of Lords United Kingdom 18 Oct 1946 BAILII flag 80
Adams v Naylor [1944] KB 750 United Kingdom circa 1944 LexisNexis / Westlaw flag 6
Glasgow Corporation v Muir [1943] UKHL 2; [1943] AC 448; [1943] 2 All ER 44; [1944] SLT 60; [1943] SC (HL) 3 House of Lords United Kingdom - Scotland 16 Apr 1943 BAILII flag 152
Bourhill v Young [1942] UKHL 5; [1943] AC 92; [1942] 2 All ER 396; [1942] SC (HL) 78; [1943] SLT 105 House of Lords United Kingdom - Scotland 5 Aug 1942 BAILII flag 272
Clyne v Podolsky (1942) 1 DLR 577 circa 1942 1
Henwood v Municipal Tramways Trust (SA) [1938] HCA 35; (1938) 60 CLR 438; [1938] ALR 312; 12 ALJR 101 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 30 Jun 1938 AustLII flag 114
Pettiet v Municipal Council of Sydney (1936) 36 SR (NSW) 125; 53 WN 52 Supreme Court of New South Wales Australia - New South Wales circa 1936 flag 4
Hillen and Pettigrew v ICI (Alkali) Ltd [1936] AC 65 United Kingdom circa 1936 LexisNexis / Westlaw flag 35
Breslin v London and North Eastern Railway Co [1936] SC 816 United Kingdom - Scotland circa 1936 flag 1
Transport Commissioners (NSW) v Barton [1933] HCA 9; (1933) 49 CLR 114; [1933] ALR 228 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 3 Apr 1933 AustLII flag 14
Lipman v Clendinnen [1932] HCA 24; (1932) 46 CLR 550; 39 ALR 20 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 21 Jul 1932 AustLII flag 61
Donoghue v Stevenson [1932] UKHL 100; [1932] All ER 1; [1932] SC (HL) 31; [1932] SLT 317; (1932) 37 Com Cas 350; (1932) 48 TLR 494; (1932) 147 LT 281; [1932] Sol Jo 396; (1932) 101 LJPC 119; [1932] SC 31; [1932] WN 139; [1932] AC 562 House of Lords United Kingdom - Scotland 26 May 1932 BAILII flag 170
Mourton v Poulter (1930) 2 KB 183; [1930] All ER 6 United Kingdom circa 1930 LexisNexis / Westlaw flag 9
Excelsior Wire Rope Co Ltd v Callan [1930] AC 404; [1930] All ER 1 United Kingdom circa 1930 LexisNexis / Westlaw flag 18
Robert Addie & Sons (Collieries) Ltd v Dumbreck [1929] UKHL 3; [1929] AC 358; [1929] All ER 1; [1929] SLT 242; [1929] SC (HL) 51 House of Lords United Kingdom - Scotland 25 Feb 1929 BAILII flag 60
Calgarth [1927] P 93 circa 1927 15
United Zinc & Chemical Co v Britt (1922) 258 US 268; 66 L Ed 615; 42 SCt 299 United States Supreme Court United States 27 Mar 1922 WorldLII flag 13
Glasgow Corporation v Taylor [1921] UKHL 3; (1922) 1 AC 44; [1921] 1 All ER 1; [1922] SC (HL) 1; 1921 2 SLT 254 House of Lords United Kingdom - Scotland 18 Nov 1921 BAILII flag 40
Hardy v Central London Railway Co (1920) 3 KB 459; [1920] All ER 205 United Kingdom circa 1920 LexisNexis / Westlaw flag 5
Kimber v Gas Light & Coke Co (1918) 1 KB 439 United Kingdom circa 1918 LexisNexis / Westlaw flag 3
Ltd (1913) 29 TLR 124 United Kingdom circa 1913 LexisNexis flag 3
Latham v R Johnson & Nephew Ltd [1912] UKLawRpKQB 169; [1913] 1 KB 398; [1911-13] All ER 117 United Kingdom 12 Dec 1912 CommonLII flag 56
Jenkins v Great Western Railway [1911] UKLawRpKQB 197; (1912) 1 KB 525 United Kingdom 13 Dec 1911 CommonLII flag 6
Grand Trunk Railway Co of Canada v Barnett [1911] UKLawRpAC 12; [1911] AC 361 United Kingdom 28 Mar 1911 CommonLII flag 21
(1910) 101 LT 873; (1911) 103 LT 674 (1910) 101 LT 873; (1911) 103 LT 674 United Kingdom circa 1911 flag 1
Lowery v Walker [1910] UKHL 1; [1911] AC 10 House of Lords United Kingdom 9 Nov 1910 BAILII flag 8
Lowery v Walker [1909] UKLawRpKQB 194; (1910) 1 KB 173 United Kingdom 3 Dec 1909 CommonLII flag 12
Cooke v Midland Great Western Railway of Ireland [1909] UKLawRpAC 7; [1909] AC 229; [1908-10] All ER 16 United Kingdom 1 Mar 1909 CommonLII flag 56
Union Pacific Railway Co v McDonald 152 US 262; 38 L Ed 434; 14 SCt 619 United States Supreme Court United States 5 Mar 1894 WorldLII flag 22
Le Lievre v Gould [1893] UKLawRpKQB 27; [1893] 1 QB 491; 57 JP 484; 62 LJQB 353 United Kingdom 6 Feb 1893 CommonLII flag 106
Haughton v North British Railway Co (1892) 20 R (Ctof Sess) 113 United Kingdom - Scotland circa 1892 flag 1
Heaven v Pender [1883] UKLawRpKQB 117; 11 QBD 503; (1883) 52 LJQB 702; 49 LT 357; 47 JP 709--CA United Kingdom 18 Jun 1883 CommonLII flag 142
Harrasori v North Eantrrn Raz1wa y Co (1874) 29 LT 844 United Kingdom circa 1874 flag 5
Indermaur v Dames [1866] UKLawRpCP 32; [1861-73] All ER 15; (1866) 1 CP 274; 35 LJCP 12 Court of Common Pleas United Kingdom 26 Feb 1866 CommonLII flag 169
Binks, Administrator of Binks, v The South Yorkshire Railway and River Dun Co [1862] EngR 1028; (1862) 32 LJQB 26; (1862) 3 B & S 244; 122 ER 92 Kings Bench United Kingdom circa 1862 CommonLII flag 12
George Collins Hounsell, an Infant, by Herbert Eustace Hounsell, his Next Friend, v Sir John Henry Greville Smyth, Bart, [1860] EngR 420; 7 CBNS 731; 29 LJCP 203; 144 ER 1003 Court of Common Pleas United Kingdom circa 1860 CommonLII flag 19
Cornman v The Eastern Counties Railway Co [1859] EngR 757; 4 H & N 781; 29 LJEx 94; 157 ER 1050 Court of Exchequer United Kingdom circa 1859 CommonLII flag 8
Ann Hardcastle, Admmistratrix of Thomas Hardeastle v The South Yorkshire Railway and River Dun Co [1859] EngR 220; 4 H & N 67; (1859) 28 LJEx 139; 157 ER 761 Court of Exchequer United Kingdom circa 1859 CommonLII flag 21
Corby v Hill [1858] EngR 718; 4 CBNS 556; 27 LJCP 318; 140 ER 1209; 29 LT 845 Court of Common Pleas United Kingdom circa 1858 CommonLII flag 29
Blyth v The Co of Proprietors of The Birmingham Water Works [1856] EngR 223; (1856) 11 Exch 781; 156 ER 1047 Court of Exchequer United Kingdom circa 1856 CommonLII flag 155
Barnes, Administrator of Jane Barnes, Deceased, v Ward [1850] EngR 340; 137 ER 945; (1850) 9 CB 393 United Kingdom circa 1850 CommonLII flag 7
Lynch v Nurdin [1841] EngR 52; (1841) 1 QB 29; [1835-42] All ER 167; 113 ER 1041 United Kingdom circa 1835 CommonLII flag 39
William Bird, an Infant, by J Bird, his Next Friend, v Holbrook [1828] EngR 580; 130 ER 911; (1828) 4 Bing 628 Court of Common Pleas United Kingdom circa 1828 CommonLII flag 37
Ilott v Wilkes (1820) 3 B & Ald 304; 106 ER 674 Kings Bench United Kingdom circa 1820 flag 14
Deane v Clayton [1817] EngR 472; 7 Taunt 489; 129 ER 196 Court of Common Pleas United Kingdom circa 1817 CommonLII flag 22
Townsend, Clerk, v Wathen [1808] EngR 30; 9 East 277; 103 ER 579 King's Bench United Kingdom circa 1808 CommonLII flag 12
156 Er 1047 156 ER 1047 United Kingdom circa 1932 CommonLII flag 33
"Tort Liability of Occupiers of Land: Duties Owed to Trespassers," 63 Yale Law Journal 144 Yale Law Journal United States circa 1932 HeinOnline / Westlaw flag 3
Barnes v Ward 9 CB 392; 19 LJCP 195; 9 CB 420 circa 1932 44

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