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Reed v Reed   flag  231

404 US 71; 30 L Ed 225; 30 L Ed 2d 225; 92 SCt 251
United States Supreme Court
United States
22nd November, 1971

Cases Referring to this Case

Case Name Citation(s) Court Jurisdiction Date Full Text Citation Index † 
City of Cleburne v Cleburne Living Center 473 US 432; 87 L Ed 2d 313; 105 SCt 3249 United States Supreme Court United States 1 Jul 1985 WorldLII flag 577
Cannon v University of Chicago 441 US 677; 60 L Ed 2d 560; 99 SCt 1946 United States Supreme Court United States 14 May 1979 WorldLII flag 528
San Antonio Independent School District v Rodriguez 411 US 1; 36 L Ed 2d 16; 93 SCt 1278; (1973) 41 USLW 4407 United States Supreme Court United States 23 Apr 1973 WorldLII flag 482
Logan v Zimmerman Brush Co 455 US 422; 71 L Ed 2d 265; 102 SCt 1148; 71 L Ed 265 United States Supreme Court United States 24 Feb 1982 WorldLII flag 454
Craig v Boren 429 US 190; 50 L Ed 2d 397; 97 SCt 451 United States Supreme Court United States 20 Dec 1976 WorldLII flag 372
Personnel Administrator of Massachusetts v Feeney 442 US 256; 60 L Ed 2d 870; 99 SCt 2282 United States Supreme Court United States 5 Jun 1979 WorldLII flag 343
Planned Parenthood v Casey 505 US 833; 112 SCt 2791; 120 L Ed 2d 674; 120 L Ed 674 United States Supreme Court United States 29 Jun 1992 WorldLII flag 340
Police Department of Chicago v Mosley 408 US 92; 33 L Ed 2d 212; 92 SCt 2286 United States Supreme Court United States 26 Jun 1972 WorldLII flag 321
General Electric Co v Gilbert 429 US 125; 50 L Ed 2d 343; 97 SCt 401 United States Supreme Court United States 7 Dec 1976 WorldLII flag 312
Plyler v Doe 457 US 202; 72 L Ed 2d 786; 102 SCt 2382; 120 Idaho 121 United States Supreme Court United States - Idaho 9 Sep 1982 WorldLII flag 294
Massachusetts Board of Retirement v Murgia 427 US 307; 96 SCt 2562; 49 L Ed 2d 520; 49 L Ed 520 United States Supreme Court United States 25 Jun 1976 WorldLII flag 293
Stanley v Illinois 405 US 645; 31 L Ed 551; 31 L Ed 2d 551; 92 SCt 1208 United States Supreme Court United States 3 Apr 1972 WorldLII flag 285
Moore v City of East Cleveland 431 US 494; 52 L Ed 2d 531; 97 SCt 1932 United States Supreme Court United States 31 May 1977 WorldLII flag 266
Johnson v Robison 415 US 361; 39 L Ed 2d 389; 94 SCt 1160 United States Supreme Court United States 4 Mar 1974 WorldLII flag 264
Eisenstadt v Baird (1972) 405 US 438; 31 L Ed 2d 349; 92 SCt 1029; 31 L Ed 349; 92 SCt 1092 United States Supreme Court United States 22 Mar 1972 WorldLII flag 246
Frontiero v Richardson 411 US 677; 36 L Ed 2d 583; 93 SCt 1764; 95 L Ed 884 United States Supreme Court United States 14 May 1973 WorldLII flag 227
United States Railroad Retirement Board v Fritz 449 US 166; 66 L Ed 2d 368; 101 SCt 453 United States Supreme Court United States 23 Feb 1981 WorldLII flag 204
Carey v Brown 447 US 455; 65 L Ed 2d 263; 100 SCt 2286 United States Supreme Court United States 20 Jun 1980 WorldLII flag 189
Fiallo v Bell 430 US 787; 52 L Ed 2d 50; 97 SCt 1473 United States Supreme Court United States 26 Apr 1977 WorldLII flag 183
Los Angeles Dept of Water & Power v Manhart 435 US 702; 55 L Ed 2d 657; 98 SCt 1370 United States Supreme Court United States 25 Apr 1978 WorldLII flag 171
Weinberger v Wiesenfeld 420 US 636; 43 L Ed 2d 514; 95 SCt 1225; 643 Gault 387 United States Supreme Court United States - Georgia 19 Mar 1975 WorldLII flag 170
Great American Federal Savings & Loan Association v Novotny 442 US 366; 60 L Ed 2d 957; 99 SCt 2345 United States Supreme Court United States 11 Jun 1979 WorldLII flag 169
Alexander v Louisiana 405 US 625; 31 L Ed 2d 536; 92 SCt 1221 United States Supreme Court United States 3 Apr 1972 WorldLII flag 166
Zablocki v Redhail 434 US 374; 54 L Ed 2d 618; 98 SCt 673 United States Supreme Court United States 18 Jan 1978 WorldLII flag 163
Village of Belle Terre v Boraas 416 US 1; 39 L Ed 2d 797; 94 SCt 1536; 39 L Ed 2 United States Supreme Court United States 1 Apr 1974 WorldLII flag 161
JEB v Alabama 511 US 127; 128 L Ed 2d 89; 114 SCt 1419 United States Supreme Court United States 19 Apr 1994 WorldLII flag 147
Mississippi University for Women v Hogan 458 US 718; 73 L Ed 2d 1090; 102 SCt 3331; 102 SCt 331 United States Supreme Court United States 1 Jul 1982 WorldLII flag 146
City of Mesquite v Aladdin's Castle, Inc 455 US 283; 71 L Ed 2d 152; 102 SCt 1070 United States Supreme Court United States 31 Oct 1983 WorldLII flag 143
United States Department of Agriculture v Moreno 413 US 528; 37 L Ed 2d 782; 93 SCt 2821 United States Supreme Court United States 25 Jun 1973 WorldLII flag 141
Mathews v Lucas 427 US 495; 49 L Ed 2d 651; 96 SCt 2755 United States Supreme Court United States 29 Jun 1976 WorldLII flag 125
United States v Virginia 518 US 515; 135 L Ed 2d 735; 116 SCt 2264 United States Supreme Court United States 3 Jul 1996 WorldLII flag 123
Rostker v Goldberg 453 US 57; 69 L Ed 2d 478; 101 SCt 2646 United States Supreme Court United States 25 Jun 1981 WorldLII flag 118
Vlandis v Kline 412 US 441; 37 L Ed 2d 63; 93 SCt 2230; 37 L Ed 63 United States Supreme Court United States 11 Jun 1973 WorldLII flag 118
Bray v Alexandria Women's Health Clinic 506 US 263; 122 L Ed 2d 34; 113 SCt 753 United States Supreme Court United States 13 Jan 1993 WorldLII flag 112
Califano v Goldfarb 430 US 199; 51 L Ed 2d 270; 97 SCt 1021 United States Supreme Court United States 2 Mar 1977 WorldLII flag 97
Geduldig v Aiello 417 US 484; 41 L Ed 2d 256; 94 SCt 2485 United States Supreme Court United States 17 Jun 1974 WorldLII flag 95
Orr v Orr 440 US 268; 59 L Ed 2d 306; 99 SCt 1102 United States Supreme Court United States 5 Mar 1979 WorldLII flag 86
Schlesinger v Ballard 419 US 498; 42 L Ed 2d 610; 95 SCt 572 United States Supreme Court United States 3 Mar 1975 WorldLII flag 78
Trimble v Gordon 430 US 762; 52 L Ed 2d 31; 97 SCt 1459 United States Supreme Court United States 26 Apr 1977 WorldLII flag 74
Lehr v Robertson 463 US 248; 77 L Ed 2d 614; 103 SCt 2985 United States Supreme Court United States 27 Jun 1983 WorldLII flag 68
Stanton v Stanton 421 US 7; 43 L Ed 2d 688; 95 SCt 1373 United States Supreme Court United States 15 Apr 1975 WorldLII flag 66
Newport News Shipbuilding & Dry Dock Co v EEOC 462 US 669; 77 L Ed 2d 89; 103 SCt 2622 United States Supreme Court United States 20 Jun 1983 WorldLII flag 64
Michael M v Superior Court 450 US 464; 101 SCt 1200; 67 L Ed 2d 437 United States Supreme Court United States 23 Mar 1981 WorldLII flag 63
McLellan v Mississippi Power & Light Co 545 F2d 919 United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit United States 20 Jan 1977 WorldLII flag 59
Kahn v Shevin 416 US 351; 40 L Ed 2d 189; 94 SCt 1734; 40 L Ed 189 United States Supreme Court United States 24 Apr 1974 WorldLII flag 58
Caban v Mohammed 441 US 380; 60 L Ed 2d 297; 99 SCt 1760 United States Supreme Court United States 24 Apr 1979 WorldLII flag 55
Lyng v International Union, UAW 485 US 360; 99 L Ed 2d 380; 108 SCt 1184; 99 L Ed 380 United States Supreme Court United States 23 Mar 1988 WorldLII flag 54
Nev Dep't of Human Res v Hibbs 538 US 721; 123 SCt 1972; 155 L Ed 2d 953 United States Supreme Court United States 27 May 2003 WorldLII flag 52
Bridgeport Guardians Inc v Members of Bridgeport Civil Service Commission 482 F2d 1333; 5 Fair Empl Prac Cas 1344 United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit United States 28 Jun 1973 WorldLII flag 45
Novotny v Great American Federal Savings & Loan Association 584 F2d 1235; 17 Fair Empl Prac Cas 1252 United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit United States 7 Aug 1978 WorldLII flag 41
Schilb v Kuebel 404 US 357; 30 L Ed 2d 502; 92 SCt 479 United States Supreme Court United States 22 Feb 1972 WorldLII flag 41
United States Department of Agriculture v Murry 413 US 508; 37 L Ed 2d 767; 93 SCt 2832 United States Supreme Court United States 25 Jun 1973 WorldLII flag 39
Chance v Board of Examiners 458 F2d 1167; 4 Fair Empl Prac Cas 596 United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit United States 5 Apr 1972 WorldLII flag 39
Parham v Hughes 441 US 347; 60 L Ed 2d 269; 99 SCt 1742 United States Supreme Court United States 24 Apr 1979 WorldLII flag 38
Miller v Albright 523 US 420; 140 L Ed 2d 575; 118 SCt 1428 United States Supreme Court United States 22 Apr 1998 WorldLII flag 36
Kirchberg v Feenstra 450 US 455; 67 L Ed 2d 428; 101 SCt 1195 United States Supreme Court United States 23 Mar 1981 WorldLII flag 35
Blake v City of Los Angeles 595 F2d 1367; 53 ALRFed 1; 19 Fair Empl Prac Cas 1441 United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit United States 2 May 1979 WorldLII flag 33
Crawford v E Cushman 531 F2d 1114; 11 Empl Prac Dec P 10,742; 12 Fair Empl Prac Cas 501 United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit United States 23 Feb 1976 WorldLII flag 33
Sweet v Cupp 640 F2d 233 United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit United States 19 Feb 1981 WorldLII flag 32
Wengler v Druggists Mut Ins Co 100 SCt 1540 United States Supreme Court United States 22 Apr 1980 WorldLII flag 32
United States v De Gross 960 F2d 1433; 60 USLW 2639 United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit United States 2 Apr 1992 WorldLII flag 31
Woods v Holy Cross Hospital 591 F2d 1164 United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit United States 26 Mar 1979 WorldLII flag 30
Life Insurance Co of North America v Reichardt Reichardt 591 F2d 499 United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit United States 12 Mar 1979 WorldLII flag 30
Steffan v Perry 41 F3d 677 United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit United States 22 Nov 1994 WorldLII flag 29
High Tech Gays 895 F2d 563; 58 USLW 2473; 52 Empl Prac Dec P 39,608; 60 Fair Empl Prac Cas 1435 United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit United States 2 Feb 1990 WorldLII flag 29
Pollard v Cockrell 578 F2d 1002 United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit United States 23 Aug 1978 WorldLII flag 29
Tyler v E Vickery Banks 517 F2d 1089; 10 Empl Prac Dec P 10,388; 30 ALRFed 907; 11 Fair Empl Prac Cas 972 United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit United States 20 Aug 1975 WorldLII flag 28
Karr v Schmidt 460 F2d 609 United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit United States 28 Apr 1972 WorldLII flag 27
Nabozny v Podlesny 92 F3d 446; 111 Ed Law Rep 740; 65 USLW 2116 United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit United States 31 Jul 1996 WorldLII flag 26
Inc v Martin County 922 F2d 1536 United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit United States 7 Feb 1991 WorldLII flag 26
Evans v Thompson 881 F2d 117 United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit United States 28 Aug 1989 WorldLII flag 24
South Carolina ex rel Tindal v Block 717 F2d 874 United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit United States 9 Sep 1983 WorldLII flag 24
Hollenbaugh v Carnegie Free Library 439 US 1052; 99 SCt 733; 58 L Ed 2d 712 United States Supreme Court United States 11 Dec 1978 WorldLII flag 24
Connecticut State Federation of Teachers v Board of Education Members 538 F2d 471; 80 Lab Cas 53,877 United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit United States 21 May 1976 WorldLII flag 24
Satty v Nashville Gas Co 522 F2d 850; 10 Empl Prac Dec P 10,359; 11 Fair Empl Prac Cas 1 United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit United States 8 Aug 1975 WorldLII flag 23
Foster v Sparks 506 F2d 805 United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit United States 20 Jan 1975 WorldLII flag 23
City of New York v Richardson 473 F2d 923 United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit United States 26 Jan 1973 WorldLII flag 23
Johnson v Smith 696 F2d 1334 United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit United States 3 Feb 1983 WorldLII flag 20
Kirshner v United States 603 F2d 234 United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit United States 19 Jul 1979 WorldLII flag 20
United States v Jones 527 F2d 817; 174 USApp DC 34 United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit United States - District of Columbia 23 Dec 1975 WorldLII flag 19
Community-Service Broadcasting of Mid-America, Inc v FCC 593 F2d 1102; 3 Media LRep 1063; 192 USApp DC 448 United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit United States - District of Columbia 29 Sep 1978 WorldLII flag 18
McNeill v Butz 480 F2d 314 United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit United States 11 Jun 1973 WorldLII flag 18
Nguyen v INS 533 US 53; 150 L Ed 2d 115; 121 SCt 2053 United States Supreme Court United States 11 Jun 2001 WorldLII flag 17
Hardin v N Stynchcomb 691 F2d 1364; 30 Empl Prac Dec P 33,176; 30 Fair Empl Prac Cas 624 United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit United States 22 Nov 1982 WorldLII flag 17
Fagan v National Cash Register Co 481 F2d 1115; 27 ALRFed 257; 5 Fair Empl Prac Cas 1335; 157 USApp DC 15 United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit United States - District of Columbia 21 Aug 1973 WorldLII flag 17
Boraas v Village of Belle Terre 476 F2d 806 United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit United States 5 Apr 1973 WorldLII flag 17
Eslinger v Thomas 476 F2d 225; 5 Fair Empl Prac Cas 793 United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit United States 28 Mar 1973 WorldLII flag 17
Davis v E Passman 544 F2d 865; 13 Empl Prac Dec P 11,465; 14 Fair Empl Prac Cas 177 United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit United States 3 Jan 1977 WorldLII flag 16
E & T Realty v Strickland 830 F2d 1107 United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit United States 26 Oct 1987 WorldLII flag 15
Brenden v Independent School District 477 F2d 1292; 23 ALRFed 649 United States Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit United States 18 Apr 1973 WorldLII flag 15
Nicholson v Georgia Department of Human Resources G R Dhr a Dhr Dhr Dhr 918 F2d 145; 55 Empl Prac Dec P 40,401; 54 Fair Empl Prac Cas 737 United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit United States 8 Jan 1991 WorldLII flag 14
McKee v City of Rockwall Texas 877 F2d 409 United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit United States 19 Jul 1989 WorldLII flag 14
Hanson v F Hoffmann 628 F2d 42; 202 USApp DC 42; 22 Empl Prac Dec P 30,618; 21 Fair Empl Prac Cas 1645 United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit United States - District of Columbia 8 Feb 1980 WorldLII flag 14
De La Cruz v Tormey 582 F2d 45 United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit United States 13 Sep 1978 WorldLII flag 14
Howard University v NCAA 510 F2d 213; 166 USApp DC 260 United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit United States - District of Columbia 25 Mar 1975 WorldLII flag 14
Associated Students, Inc v NCAA 493 F2d 1251 United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit United States 14 Mar 1974 WorldLII flag 14
Knussman v Maryland 272 F3d 625 United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit United States 7 Nov 2001 WorldLII flag 13
Dillingham v INS 267 F3d 996 United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit United States 14 Sep 2001 WorldLII flag 13
Montgomery v L Carr 101 F3d 1117; 12 IER Cases 460; 114 Ed Law Rep 750; 65 USLW 2412 United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit United States 4 Dec 1996 WorldLII flag 13
Bator v Hawaii 39 F3d 1021 United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit United States 8 Nov 1994 WorldLII flag 13
Koch v L Yunich 533 F2d 80; 11 Empl Prac Dec P 10,834 United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit United States 2 Apr 1976 WorldLII flag 13
Davis v Weir 497 F2d 139 United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit United States 18 Jul 1974 WorldLII flag 13
Berkelman v San Francisco Unified School District 501 F2d 1264 United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit United States 1 Jul 1974 WorldLII flag 13
Parks v " Mr Ford " Muldowney 556 F2d 132 United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit United States 4 Apr 1977 WorldLII flag 12
Joseph Skillken and Co v City of Toledo Joseph Skillken and Co 528 F2d 867 United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit United States 10 Dec 1975 WorldLII flag 12
United States Clark v Chesterfield County School District Chesterfield County South Carolina 484 F2d 70; 6 Fair Empl Prac Cas 447 United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit United States 10 Sep 1973 WorldLII flag 12
Male v Crossroads Associates 469 F2d 616 United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit United States 10 Nov 1972 WorldLII flag 12
More v Farrier 984 F2d 269 United States Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit United States 24 Feb 1993 WorldLII flag 11
Yellow Springs Exempted Village School District v Ohio High School Athletic Association 647 F2d 651 United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit United States 28 Apr 1981 WorldLII flag 11
Moreland v Western Pennsylvania Interscholastic Athletic League 572 F2d 121 United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit United States 27 Feb 1978 WorldLII flag 11
Hall v McKenzie 537 F2d 1232 United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit United States 28 Jun 1976 WorldLII flag 11
Smith v Bounds 538 F2d 541 United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit United States 30 Sep 1975 WorldLII flag 11
Smith v Troyan a Smith 520 F2d 492; 10 Empl Prac Dec P 10,263; 10 Fair Empl Prac Cas 1380 United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit United States 3 Jul 1975 WorldLII flag 11
Citizens Committee for Faraday Wood v v Lindsay 507 F2d 1065 United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit United States 28 Apr 1975 WorldLII flag 11
Communications Workers of America v American Telephone and Telegraph Co Long Lines Department 513 F2d 1024; 9 Empl Prac Dec P 10,035; 10 Fair Empl Prac Cas 435 United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit United States 26 Mar 1975 WorldLII flag 11
United States v Maples 501 F2d 985 United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit United States 7 Aug 1974 WorldLII flag 11
United States v McDonald 481 F2d 513; 156 USApp DC 338 United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit United States - District of Columbia 21 Jun 1973 WorldLII flag 11
Green v Waterford Board of Education 473 F2d 629; 5 Fair Empl Prac Cas 443 United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit United States 29 Jan 1973 WorldLII flag 11
United States v Commonwealth of Virginia 44 F3d 1229; 97 Ed Law Rep 70; 63 USLW 2470 United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit United States 26 Jan 1995 WorldLII flag 10
Faulkner v E Jones 10 F3d 226; 87 Ed Law Rep 394 United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit United States 17 Nov 1993 WorldLII flag 10
Crist Crist v S Crist H Pinkerton H Pinkerton 632 F2d 1226 United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit United States 17 Dec 1980 WorldLII flag 10
Ducharme v Merrill-National Laboratories 574 F2d 1307 United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit United States 14 Jun 1978 WorldLII flag 10
Brown v Dade Christian Schools Inc 556 F2d 310 United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit United States 25 Jul 1977 WorldLII flag 10
Gilbert v General Electric Co 519 F2d 661; 10 Empl Prac Dec P 10,269; 10 Fair Empl Prac Cas 1201 United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit United States 27 Jun 1975 WorldLII flag 10
Friendship Medical Center Ltd Trm v Chicago Board of Health 505 F2d 1141 United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit United States 24 Mar 1975 WorldLII flag 10
Junior Chamber of Commerce of Rochester Inc Rochester New York v United States Jaycees Tulsa Oklahoma 495 F2d 883 United States Court of Appeals, Tenth Circuit United States 16 Apr 1974 WorldLII flag 10
Downen v W Warner E 481 F2d 642; 8 Fair Empl Prac Cas 332 United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit United States 2 Jul 1973 WorldLII flag 10
Schattman v Texas Employment Commission 459 F2d 32; 4 Fair Empl Prac Cas 543 United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit United States 5 Jun 1972 WorldLII flag 10
Greenville Women's Clinic v Bryant 222 F3d 157 United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit United States 15 Aug 2000 WorldLII flag 9
Markham v White 172 F3d 486 United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit United States 31 Mar 1999 WorldLII flag 9
Aladdin's Castle Inc v City of Mesquite 630 F2d 1029 United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit United States 17 Nov 1980 WorldLII flag 9
Medora v Colautti 602 F2d 1149 United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit United States 24 Jul 1979 WorldLII flag 9
Salem Inn, Inc v Frank 522 F2d 1045 United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit United States 28 Aug 1975 WorldLII flag 9
Post v Wr Harper 980 F2d 491 United States Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit United States 8 Jan 1993 WorldLII flag 8
Umphlet v Connick 815 F2d 1061 United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit United States 6 May 1987 WorldLII flag 8
Finzer v S Barry 798 F2d 1450; 55 USLW 2128; 255 USApp DC 19 United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit United States - District of Columbia 9 Sep 1986 WorldLII flag 8
Burlington Northern Railroad Co v Department of Public Service Regulation 763 F2d 1106 United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit United States 21 Jun 1985 WorldLII flag 8
Clark Clark v Arizona Interscholastic Association 695 F2d 1126; 8 Ed Law Rep 246 United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit United States 20 Jan 1982 WorldLII flag 8
Meloon v Helgemoe 564 F2d 602 United States Court of Appeals, First Circuit United States 31 Oct 1977 WorldLII flag 8
Colorado Springs Amusements Ltd v L Rizzo 428 US 913; 96 SCt 3228; 49 L Ed 2d 1222 United States Supreme Court United States 6 Jul 1976 WorldLII flag 8
Henderson v Fort Worth Independent School District R 526 F2d 286 United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit United States 22 Jan 1976 WorldLII flag 8
Dukes v City of New Orleans 73-3979 501 F2d 706 United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit United States 27 Sep 1974 WorldLII flag 8
Birth Control Centers Inc v S Reizen Md 743 F2d 352 United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit United States 24 Oct 1984 WorldLII flag 7
Miller v Y Carter 547 F2d 1314 United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit United States 4 Jan 1977 WorldLII flag 7
Vorchheimer v School District of Philadelphia W 532 F2d 880 United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit United States 16 Mar 1976 WorldLII flag 7
McCullough v Redevelopment Authority of Wilkes-Barre 522 F2d 858 United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit United States 9 Jul 1975 WorldLII flag 7
Fortin v Darlington Little League Inc 514 F2d 344 United States Court of Appeals, First Circuit United States 31 Mar 1975 WorldLII flag 7
Women's Liberation Union of Rhode Island v J Israel 512 F2d 106 United States Court of Appeals, First Circuit United States 4 Mar 1975 WorldLII flag 7
William Hibbs, Plaintiff-Appellant, United States of America, Intervenor, v Department of Human Resources; Charlotte Crawford; Nikki Firpo, Defendants-Appellees 273 F3d 844 United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit United States 11 Dec 2001 WorldLII flag 6
Schumacher v Nc Nix 965 F2d 1262 United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit United States 3 Jun 1992 WorldLII flag 6
Paulus v Pohnpei [1987] FMPSC 8; 3 FSM Intrm 208 Pohnpei State Court Federated States of Micronesia 21 Sep 1987 PacLII flag 6
Fitz v P Dolyak Do 712 F2d 330 United States Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit United States 19 Jun 1983 WorldLII flag 6
United States v Hicks 625 F2d 216 United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit United States 15 Aug 1980 WorldLII flag 6
Reproductive Health Services v R Freeman J Reproductive Health Services 614 F2d 585 United States Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit United States 9 Jan 1980 WorldLII flag 6
United States v Garrett 521 F2d 444 United States Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit United States 23 Jul 1975 WorldLII flag 6
Prostrollo v University of South Dakota 507 F2d 775; 31 ALRFed 802 United States Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit United States 28 Apr 1975 WorldLII flag 6
Andrews v Drew Municipal Separate School District 507 F2d 611; 9 Fair Empl Prac Cas 235 United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit United States 3 Feb 1975 WorldLII flag 6
Morris v Michigan State Board of Education 472 F2d 1207 United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit United States 25 Jan 1973 WorldLII flag 6
Moritz v Commissioner of Internal Revenue 469 F2d 466 United States Court of Appeals, Tenth Circuit United States 22 Nov 1972 WorldLII flag 6
Armstead v Starkville Municipal Separate School District 461 F2d 276; 4 Fair Empl Prac Cas 864 United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit United States 9 Jun 1972 WorldLII flag 6
Wilson v Hambrick 7 F3d 237 United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit United States 30 Sep 1993 WorldLII flag 5
United States v Commonwealth of Virginia 975 F2d 762; 59 Empl Prac Dec P 41,783; 77 Ed Law Rep 1142; 61 USLW 2198 United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit United States 19 Nov 1992 WorldLII flag 5
Frazier v Jr Heebe 788 F2d 1049; 4 Fed RServ3d 543; 54 USLW 2574 United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit United States 25 Jun 1986 WorldLII flag 5
Espinoza v Thoma 580 F2d 346; 17 Fair Empl Prac Cas 1362 United States Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit United States 2 Aug 1978 WorldLII flag 5
Gault v E Garrison 569 F2d 993; 16 Fair Empl Prac Cas 245 United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit United States 20 Dec 1977 WorldLII flag 5
Sidle v C Majors 536 F2d 1156 United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit United States 1 Jun 1976 WorldLII flag 5
Shirley v Chagrin Falls Exempted Village Schools Board of Education 521 F2d 1329; 10 Empl Prac Dec P 10,390; 11 Fair Empl Prac Cas 549 United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit United States 16 Sep 1975 WorldLII flag 5
Cohen v Chesterfield County School Board F 474 F2d 395; 5 Fair Empl Prac Cas 341 United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit United States 23 Apr 1973 WorldLII flag 5
Wright v Standard Oil Co Inc 470 F2d 1280 United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit United States 6 Feb 1973 WorldLII flag 5
Struck v Secretary of Defense 460 F2d 1372; 9 Fair Empl Prac Cas 1259 United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit United States 4 May 1972 WorldLII flag 5
Wark v L Robbins 458 F2d 1295 United States Court of Appeals, First Circuit United States 12 Apr 1972 WorldLII flag 5
No 92-56393 28 F3d 1520 United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit United States 26 Jul 1994 WorldLII flag 4
Edwards v M Heckler 789 F2d 659 United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit United States 13 May 1986 WorldLII flag 4
Clark v United States 691 F2d 837 United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit United States 27 Oct 1982 WorldLII flag 4
Representation of Washington v T Regan 676 F2d 715; 219 USApp DC 117 United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit United States - District of Columbia 26 Mar 1982 WorldLII flag 4
Kalina v Railroad Retirement Board 541 F2d 1204 United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit United States 13 Sep 1976 WorldLII flag 4
Martinez v Santa Clara Pueblo 540 F2d 1039 United States Court of Appeals, Tenth Circuit United States 16 Aug 1976 WorldLII flag 4
Colorado Springs Amusements Ltd v L Rizzo Rubenstein 524 F2d 571; 10 Empl Prac Dec P 10,459 United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit United States 16 Oct 1975 WorldLII flag 4
Dorrough v W J Estelle Tdc 497 F2d 1007 United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit United States 29 Jul 1974 WorldLII flag 4
Taylor v Lavine M Hurley 497 F2d 1208 United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit United States 14 May 1974 WorldLII flag 4
Lau v H Nichols 483 F2d 791 United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit United States 18 Jun 1973 WorldLII flag 4
Brazas Sporting Arms, Inc , Plaintiff, Appellant, v American Empire Surplus Lines Insurance Co, Defendant, Appellee 220 F3d 1 United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit United States 7 Mar 2000 WorldLII flag 3
Defending Airwave Rights Inc v United States Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration 47 F3d 794 United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit United States 17 Feb 1995 WorldLII flag 3
Bertoldi v Wachtler 952 F2d 656 United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit United States 30 Dec 1991 WorldLII flag 3
Price v Tanner 855 F2d 820 United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit United States 1 Nov 1988 WorldLII flag 3
Allen v B Ellisor B D H 664 F2d 391 United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit United States 6 Jan 1981 WorldLII flag 3
Navedo v Preisser 630 F2d 636 United States Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit United States 22 Sep 1980 WorldLII flag 3
Kirchberg v Feenstra 609 F2d 727 United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit United States 12 Dec 1979 WorldLII flag 3
Merchants National Bank v United States Merchants National Bank a 583 F2d 19 United States Court of Appeals, First Circuit United States 21 Aug 1978 WorldLII flag 3
Pugh v Rainwater 557 F2d 1189 United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit United States 18 Oct 1977 WorldLII flag 3
Cape v Tennessee Secondary School Athletic Association 563 F2d 793 United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit United States 3 Oct 1977 WorldLII flag 3
Confederated Bands and Tribes of Yakima Indian Nation v Washington J 552 F2d 1332 United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit United States 29 Apr 1977 WorldLII flag 3
Shaw v Board of Trustees of Frederick Community College 549 F2d 929 United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit United States 29 Dec 1976 WorldLII flag 3
White v Fleming 522 F2d 730; 10 Empl Prac Dec P 10,313; 11 Fair Empl Prac Cas 619 United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit United States 24 Jul 1975 WorldLII flag 3
Waldie v R Schlesinger Edwards 509 F2d 508; 166 USApp DC 175 United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit United States - District of Columbia 29 Jan 1975 WorldLII flag 3
Robinson v Board of Regents of Eastern Kentucky University R 475 F2d 707 United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit United States 28 Mar 1973 WorldLII flag 3
Nanda v Moss 412 F3d 836 United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit United States 27 Jun 2005 WorldLII flag 2
Edwards v M Heckler 770 F2d 1496 United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit United States 13 Sep 1985 WorldLII flag 2
Cadieux v International Telephone & Telegraph Corporation 593 F2d 142 United States Court of Appeals, First Circuit United States 21 Feb 1979 WorldLII flag 2
United States v Harris 537 F2d 563 United States Court of Appeals, First Circuit United States 25 Jun 1976 WorldLII flag 2
Faircloth v Finesod F La Cs 938 F2d 513; 60 USLW 2086 United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit United States 9 Jul 1991 WorldLII flag 1
Manufacturers Hanover Trust Co v United States 775 F2d 459; 56 AFTR2d 85-6560 United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit United States 16 Sep 1985 WorldLII flag 1
Hillsdale College v Department of Health Education and Welfare 696 F2d 418; 8 Ed Law Rep 565 United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit United States 16 Dec 1982 WorldLII flag 1
Planned Parenthood of Minnesota v Minnesota R M D 612 F2d 359 United States Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit United States 2 Jan 1980 WorldLII flag 1
United States Watson v Housewright 528 F2d 259 United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit United States 25 Nov 1975 WorldLII flag 1
Wood v A Mills Wood 528 F2d 321; 10 Empl Prac Dec P 10,452; 11 Fair Empl Prac Cas 824 United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit United States 22 Oct 1975 WorldLII flag 1
Duncan v General Motors Corporation 499 F2d 835 United States Court of Appeals, Tenth Circuit United States 25 Jul 1974 WorldLII flag 1
White Light Corporation, v City of Manila etc [2009] PHSC 55 Supreme Court of the Philippines Philippines 20 Jan 2009 AsianLII flag
Nevada Department of Human Resources , Petitioners v William Hibbs [2003] USSC 4026 United States Supreme Court United States 27 May 2003 WorldLII flag
Rudebusch v Hughes [2002] USCA9 895 United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit United States 9 Dec 2002 WorldLII flag
Imelda Romualdez-Marcos v Commission on Elections and Cirilo Roy Montejo [1995] PHSC 565 Supreme Court of the Philippines Philippines 18 Sep 1995 AsianLII flag
Thompson v B Walker 758 F2d 1004; 53 USLW 2526 United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit United States 4 Apr 1985 WorldLII flag
West Virginia Manufacturers Association v West Virginia 714 F2d 308 United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit United States 3 Aug 1983 WorldLII flag
Hill v Garner 98 SCt 623 United States Supreme Court United States 12 Dec 1977 WorldLII flag
Cohen v Illinois Institute of Technology 11 Fair Empl Prac Cas 659 United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit United States 26 Nov 1975 WorldLII flag
Tanner v Weinberger 525 F2d 51 United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit United States 31 Oct 1975 WorldLII flag

Law Reform Reports Referring to this Case

Journal Article Title Citation(s) Author Jurisdiction Date Full Text Citation Index † 
Recognition of Aboriginal customary laws [1986] ALRC 31 Australian Law Reform Commission Australia circa 1986 AustLII flag 2

Law Journal Articles Referring to this Case

Journal Article Title Citation(s) Author Jurisdiction Date Full Text Citation Index † 
Equal Protection by Law: Federal Antidiscrimination Legislation < br > After < I > Morrison < /I > and < I > Kimel < /I &gt 110 Yale Law Journal 441 Robert C Post and Reva B Siegel United States 1 Jan 2000 WorldLII flag 14
"Burkean Minimalism" 105 Michigan Law Review 353 Sunstein, Cass R United States 1 Jan 2006 WorldLII flag 8
Second Amendment Minimalism 122 Harvard Law Review 246 Sunstein, Cass R United States 1 Jan 2008 WorldLII flag 7
Pluralism and Distrust: How Courts Can Support Democracy by Lowering the Stakes of Politics (2005) 114 Yale Law Journal 1279 William N Eskridge Jr United States 1 Jan 2005 WorldLII flag 6
Legislative Constitutionalism and Section Five Power: Policentric Interpretation of the Family and Medical Leave Act (2003) 112 Yale Law Journal 1943 Robert C Post and Reva B Siegel United States 1 Jan 2003 WorldLII flag 6
"Feminist Jurisprudence: Illusion or Reality?" (1986) 3 Australian Journal of Law and Society 5 Thomton M Australia circa 1986 AustLII flag 5
"One Law for All: Reconciling Indigenous Rights and the Right to Equality Before the Law" (2016) 22 Auckland University Law Review 42 Post, Savannah New Zealand circa 2016 NZLII flag 1
Demosprudence Through Dissent (2008) 122 Harvard Law Review 4 Guinier, Lani United States 1 Jan 2008 WorldLII flag 1
" A Common Fate of Discrimination " : Race-Gender Analogies in Legal and Historical Perspective (2001) 110 Yale Law Journal 1045 Mayeri, Serena United States 1 Jan 2001 WorldLII flag 1
"Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg: The Vagmarken (Waypaver)" [2020] NSWBarAssocNews 119 Bonnor, Ann Australia circa 2020 AustLII flag
Due Process - Punitive Damages (2007) 121 Harvard Law Review 275 Harvard Law Review United States 1 Jan 2007 WorldLII flag
"Evolving Objective Standards: A Developmental Approach to Constitutional Review of Morals Legislation" (2006) 105 Michigan Law Review 151 Grostic, Christian J United States 1 Jan 2006 WorldLII flag
Who Gets to Choose? Responses to the Foetal / Maternal Conflict [1995] MurUEJL 32 Murdoch University Electronic Journal of Law Australia circa 1995 AustLII flag
"The Tempting of America: The Political Seduction of the Law by Robert H Bork" (1991) 14 University of New South Wales Law Journal 376 Handsley, Elizabeth Australia circa 1991 AustLII flag

Legislation Cited

Legislation Name Provision
Constitution

Cases and Articles Cited

Case Name Citation(s) Court Jurisdiction Date Full Text Citation Index † 
Who Gets to Choose? Responses to the Foetal / Maternal Conflict [1995] MurUEJL 32 Murdoch University Electronic Journal of Law Australia circa 1995 AustLII flag
"The Tempting of America: The Political Seduction of the Law by Robert H Bork" (1991) 14 University of New South Wales Law Journal 376 Handsley, Elizabeth Australia circa 1991 AustLII flag
Thompson v B Walker 758 F2d 1004; 53 USLW 2526 United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit United States 4 Apr 1985 WorldLII flag
West Virginia Manufacturers Association v West Virginia 714 F2d 308 United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit United States 3 Aug 1983 WorldLII flag
Hill v Garner 98 SCt 623 United States Supreme Court United States 12 Dec 1977 WorldLII flag
Cohen v Illinois Institute of Technology 11 Fair Empl Prac Cas 659 United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit United States 26 Nov 1975 WorldLII flag
Tanner v Weinberger 525 F2d 51 United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit United States 31 Oct 1975 WorldLII flag

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