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Frontiero v Richardson     227

Cases Referring to this Case

Case Name	Citation(s) †	Court	Jurisdiction	Date	Full Text		Citation Index
Nitisha v Union of India	[2021] INSC 271	Supreme Court of India	India	25 Mar 2021	LIIofIndia
Republic of Palau v Carreon	[2012] PWSC 5	Supreme Court of Palau	Palau	30 Mar 2012	PacLII
Antonio M Serrano v Gallant Maritime Services, Inc ,	[2009] PHSC 291	Supreme Court of the Philippines	Philippines	24 Mar 2009	AsianLII
Republic of Fiji Military Forces v Qicatabua	[2008] FJCA 119	Court of Appeal of Fiji	Fiji	12 Sep 2008	PacLII		1
Republic of Fiji Military Forces v Qicatabua	[2008] FJCA 52	Court of Appeal of Fiji	Fiji	12 Sep 2008	PacLII		1
United States v W Watson	483 F3d 828	United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit	United States	13 Apr 2007	WorldLII		1
Anuj Garg v Hotel Association of India	[2007] INSC 1226	Supreme Court of India	India	6 Dec 2007	LIIofIndia
Siniya Molcs Aged 24 v Kseb Rep by the Secretary - WP(C)	[2007] INKLHC 1747	High Court of Kerala	India - Kerala	22 Jan 2007	LIIofIndia
Stewart v J Blackwell	444 F3d 843	United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit	United States	21 Apr 2006	WorldLII		2
Farber v City of Paterson	440 F3d 131	United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit	United States	8 Mar 2006	WorldLII		2
Tucson Woman's Clinic Md	379 F3d 531	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	23 Aug 2004	WorldLII		7
Gratz v Bollinger	539 US 244; 123 SCt 2411; 156 L Ed 2d 257; 177 Ed Law Rep 851	United States Supreme Court	United States	23 Jun 2003	WorldLII		54
Nev Dep't of Human Res v Hibbs	538 US 721; 123 SCt 1972; 155 L Ed 2d 953	United States Supreme Court	United States	27 May 2003	WorldLII		52
Nevada Department of Human Resources , Petitioners v William Hibbs	[2003] USSC 4026	United States Supreme Court	United States	27 May 2003	WorldLII
Dibble v H Fenimore v F	339 F3d 120	United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit	United States	8 Aug 2003	WorldLII		4
Costa v Desert Palace, Inc	299 F3d 838	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	2 Aug 2002	WorldLII		26
Booth v Hvass R	302 F3d 849	United States Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit	United States	11 Sep 2002	WorldLII		2
Nguyen v INS	533 US 53; 150 L Ed 2d 115; 121 SCt 2053	United States Supreme Court	United States	11 Jun 2001	WorldLII		17
Johnson v Bd of Regents	263 F3d 1234	United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit	United States	27 Aug 2001	WorldLII		27
Speigner v Alexander	248 F3d 1292	United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit	United States	24 Apr 2001	WorldLII		4
William Hibbs, Plaintiff-Appellant, United States of America, Intervenor, v Department of Human Resources; Charlotte Crawford; Nikki Firpo, Defendants-Appellees	273 F3d 844	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	11 Dec 2001	WorldLII		6
Knussman v Maryland	272 F3d 625	United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit	United States	7 Nov 2001	WorldLII		13
LINDA LEWIS, Plaintiff-Appellee, CITY OF NEW YORK, NEW YORK HEALTH AND HOSPITALS CORPORATION, Intervenors-Plaintiffs-Appellees, CESAR PERALES, Commissioner of the New York State Department of Social Services, Defendant-Appellee, v TOMMY G THOMPSON, Defendant-Appellant	252 F3d 567	United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit	United States	27 Jul 2001	WorldLII		6
Dr Iris I Varner, , Plaintiffs-Appellees, and United States of America, Intervening Appellee, v Illinois State University, , Defendants-Appellants	226 F3d 927	United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit	United States	6 Sep 2000	WorldLII		14
Johann Breyer, Appellant v Doris Meissner, US Immigration and Naturalization Service	214 F3d 416	United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit	United States	6 Jun 2000	WorldLII		2
Eugene E Wigginton, Plaintiff, Appellant, v Reginald a Centracchio, , Defendants, Appellees	205 F3d 504	United States Court of Appeals, First Circuit	United States	13 Mar 2000	WorldLII		5
Lyes v City of Riviera Beach	166 F3d 1332	United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit	United States	11 Feb 1999	WorldLII		20
Ponder v United States	117 F3d 549	United States Court of Appeals, Federal Circuit	United States	4 Sep 1997	WorldLII		5
Lyes v City of Riviera Beach Florida	126 F3d 1380	United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit	United States	5 Nov 1997	WorldLII		5
Philips v Perry	106 F3d 1420	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	18 Apr 1997	WorldLII		7
United States v Virginia	518 US 515; 135 L Ed 2d 735; 116 SCt 2264	United States Supreme Court	United States	3 Jul 1996	WorldLII		123
Montgomery v L Carr	101 F3d 1117; 12 IER Cases 460; 114 Ed Law Rep 750; 65 USLW 2412	United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit	United States	4 Dec 1996	WorldLII		13
Cohen v Brown University	101 F3d 155; 45 Fed REvid Serv 1369; 114 Ed Law Rep 394; 65 USLW 2396	United States Court of Appeals, First Circuit	United States	21 Nov 1996	WorldLII		23
Brown v Zavaras	63 F3d 967	United States Court of Appeals, Tenth Circuit	United States	18 Aug 1995	WorldLII		19
JEB v Alabama	511 US 127; 128 L Ed 2d 89; 114 SCt 1419	United States Supreme Court	United States	19 Apr 1994	WorldLII		147
Steffan v Aspin	8 F3d 57	United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit	United States	7 Jan 1994	WorldLII		2
Bator v Hawaii	39 F3d 1021	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	8 Nov 1994	WorldLII		13
Bray v Alexandria Women's Health Clinic	506 US 263; 122 L Ed 2d 34; 113 SCt 753	United States Supreme Court	United States	13 Jan 1993	WorldLII		112
Knutson v Wisconsin Air National Guard D	995 F2d 765	United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit	United States	9 Jun 1993	WorldLII		10
Faulkner v E Jones	10 F3d 226; 87 Ed Law Rep 394	United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit	United States	17 Nov 1993	WorldLII		10
Lamprecht v Federal Communications Commission	958 F2d 382; 60 USLW 2537; 294 USApp DC 164; 58 Empl Prac Dec P 41,288	United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit	United States - District of Columbia	19 Feb 1992	WorldLII		21
Lucero v Operation Rescue of Birmingham	954 F2d 624	United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit	United States	16 Apr 1992	WorldLII		14
United States v De Gross	960 F2d 1433; 60 USLW 2639	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	2 Apr 1992	WorldLII		31
Automobile Workers v Johnson Controls, Inc	499 US 187; 113 L Ed 2d 158; 111 SCt 1196	United States Supreme Court	United States	20 Mar 1991	WorldLII		80
Quiban v Veterans Administration a Quizon	928 F2d 1154; 289 USApp DC 62	United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit	United States - District of Columbia	18 Jul 1991	WorldLII		4
Doe v W Sullivan Md	938 F2d 1370; 60 USLW 2080; 291 USApp DC 111	United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit	United States - District of Columbia	16 Jul 1991	WorldLII		11
Nicholson v Georgia Department of Human Resources G R Dhr a Dhr Dhr Dhr	918 F2d 145; 55 Empl Prac Dec P 40,401; 54 Fair Empl Prac Cas 737	United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit	United States	8 Jan 1991	WorldLII		14
Martin v Garman Construction Co	948 F2d 218; 60 USLW 2308; 120 Lab Cas 10,981; 14 Employee Benefits Cas 1750	United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit	United States	29 Oct 1991	WorldLII		5
Farmer v Mabus	940 F2d 921	United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit	United States	20 Aug 1991	WorldLII
Pinnacle Nursing Home v Axelrod	928 F2d 1306	United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit	United States	25 Mar 1991	WorldLII		18
Metro Broadcasting, Inc v FCC	497 US 547; 111 L Ed 2d 445; 110 SCt 2997	United States Supreme Court	United States	27 Jun 1990	WorldLII		83
United States v Gross	913 F2d 1417; 59 USLW 2204	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	10 Sep 1990	WorldLII		11
High Tech Gays	895 F2d 563; 58 USLW 2473; 52 Empl Prac Dec P 39,608; 60 Fair Empl Prac Cas 1435	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	2 Feb 1990	WorldLII		29
Long v City of Saginaw 129	911 F2d 1192; 116 Lab Cas 10,367; 54 Empl Prac Dec P 40,153; 53 Fair Empl Prac Cas 1025	United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit	United States	14 Aug 1990	WorldLII		10
City of Richmond v JA Croson Co	488 US 469; 102 L Ed 2d 854; 109 SCt 706	United States Supreme Court	United States	23 Jan 1989	WorldLII		251
Woodward v United States	871 F2d 1068; 49 Empl Prac Dec P 38,877	United States Court of Appeals, Federal Circuit	United States	12 May 1989	WorldLII		22
Pitts v Thornburgh	866 F2d 1450; 275 USApp DC 332	United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit	United States - District of Columbia	31 Jan 1989	WorldLII		15
Watson v Arkansas National Guard J S D	886 F2d 1004; 51 Empl Prac Dec P 39,332; 50 Fair Empl Prac Cas 1718	United States Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit	United States	22 Sep 1989	WorldLII		20
Moss v Clark	886 F2d 686	United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit	United States	13 Nov 1989	WorldLII		19
New York State Nat'l Org for Women v Terry	886 F2d 1339; 14 Fed RServ3d 922	United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit	United States	20 Sep 1989	WorldLII		55
Andrews v Law Society of British Columbia	[1989] CanLII 2 (SCC); [1989] 1 SCR 143	Supreme Court of Canada	Canada	2 Feb 1989	CanLII		101
Walden v Bartlett	840 F2d 771	United States Court of Appeals, Tenth Circuit	United States	1 Mar 1988	WorldLII		20
Watkins v United States Army	837 F2d 1428; 56 USLW 2470; 45 Empl Prac Dec P 37,753; 46 Fair Empl Prac Cas 16	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	10 Feb 1988	WorldLII		5
United States v Stanley	483 US 669; 97 L Ed 2d 550; 107 SCt 3054	United States Supreme Court	United States	25 Jun 1987	WorldLII		113
Padula v Webster Fbi	822 F2d 97; 43 Empl Prac Dec P 37,174; 261 USApp DC 365; 44 Fair Empl Prac Cas 174; 56 USLW 2042	United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit	United States - District of Columbia	26 Jun 1987	WorldLII		34
Korineck v General Dynamics Corporation Electric Boat Division	835 F2d 42; [1988] AMC 742	United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit	United States	8 Dec 1987	WorldLII		4
Olagues v Russoniello	797 F2d 1511	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	26 Aug 1986	WorldLII		8
Edwards v M Heckler	789 F2d 659	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	13 May 1986	WorldLII		4
Crawford v Texas Army National Guard	794 F2d 1034	United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit	United States	23 Jul 1986	WorldLII		20
Jorden v National Guard Bureau	799 F2d 99	United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit	United States	23 Oct 1986	WorldLII		18
New England Baptist Hospital v United States	807 F2d 280; 59 AFTR2d 87-363	United States Court of Appeals, First Circuit	United States	17 Dec 1986	WorldLII		3
City of Cleburne v Cleburne Living Center	473 US 432; 87 L Ed 2d 313; 105 SCt 3249	United States Supreme Court	United States	1 Jul 1985	WorldLII		577
Steele v FCC	770 F2d 1192; 54 USLW 2145; 248 USApp DC 279	United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit	United States - District of Columbia	31 Oct 1985	WorldLII		5
Edwards v M Heckler	770 F2d 1496	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	13 Sep 1985	WorldLII		2
Olagues v Russoniello	770 F2d 791	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	3 Sep 1985	WorldLII		8
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission v Puget Sound Log Scaling and Grading Bureau	752 F2d 1389; 53 USLW 2408; 36 Empl Prac Dec P 34,969; 36 Fair Empl Prac Cas 1664	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	29 Jan 1985	WorldLII		3
D'Amato v Wisconsin Gas Co	760 F2d 1474; 36 Empl Prac Dec P 35,159; 37 Fair Empl Prac Cas 1092	United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit	United States	25 Apr 1985	WorldLII		25
Ogden v United States	758 F2d 1168	United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit	United States	29 Mar 1985	WorldLII		10
Trerice v L Summons Trerice	755 F2d 1081	United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit	United States	22 Feb 1985	WorldLII		7
Manufacturers Hanover Trust Co v United States	775 F2d 459; 56 AFTR2d 85-6560	United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit	United States	16 Sep 1985	WorldLII		1
Roberts v United States Jaycees	468 US 609; 82 L Ed 2d 462; 104 SCt 3244	United States Supreme Court	United States	3 Jul 1984	WorldLII		238
Heckler v Mathews	465 US 728; 79 L Ed 2d 646; 104 SCt 1387; 79 L Ed 2	United States Supreme Court	United States	5 Mar 1984	WorldLII		89
Goldman v Secretary of Defense	734 F2d 1531; 236 USApp DC 248; 34 Empl Prac Dec P 34,377; 36 Fair Empl Prac Cas 1566	United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit	United States - District of Columbia	10 Aug 1984	WorldLII		5
Laffey v Northwest Airlines, Inc	740 F2d 1071; 35 Fair Empl Prac Cas 508	United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit	United States	20 Jul 1984	WorldLII		33
United States v I Cohen	733 F2d 128; 236 USApp DC 36	United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit	United States - District of Columbia	4 May 1984	WorldLII		11
Walker v Jones	733 F2d 923; 236 USApp DC 92; 34 Empl Prac Dec P 34,427; 34 Fair Empl Prac Cas 1097	United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit	United States - District of Columbia	1 May 1984	WorldLII		16
Naacp Legal Defense Educational Fund Inc v J Devine	727 F2d 1247; 234 USApp DC 148	United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit	United States - District of Columbia	17 Feb 1984	WorldLII		4
Weissinger v C White	733 F2d 802	United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit	United States	1 Jun 1984	WorldLII		2
National Gay Task Force v Board of Education of City of Oklahoma City	729 F2d 1270; 16 Ed Law Rep 1035; 34 Empl Prac Dec P 34,357; 34 Fair Empl Prac Cas 459	United States Court of Appeals, Tenth Circuit	United States	14 Mar 1984	WorldLII		9
Cleburne Living Center Inc v City of Cleburne Texas	735 F2d 832	United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit	United States	6 Jul 1984	WorldLII
Wayne v Tennessee Valley Authority	730 F2d 392	United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit	United States	23 Apr 1984	WorldLII		19
Turner v W Weinberger	728 F2d 751	United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit	United States	2 Apr 1984	WorldLII
United States v American Future Systems Inc M	743 F2d 169	United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit	United States	10 Oct 1984	WorldLII		2
Marsh v Chambers	463 US 783; 77 L Ed 2d 1019; 103 SCt 3330	United States Supreme Court	United States	5 Jul 1983	WorldLII		123
Newport News Shipbuilding & Dry Dock Co v EEOC	462 US 669; 77 L Ed 2d 89; 103 SCt 2622	United States Supreme Court	United States	20 Jun 1983	WorldLII		64
Chappell v Wallace	462 US 296; 761 F2d 586; 76 L Ed 2d 586; 103 SCt 2362; 76 L Ed 586	United States Supreme Court	United States	13 Jun 1983	WorldLII		231
Johnson v Smith	696 F2d 1334	United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit	United States	3 Feb 1983	WorldLII		20
Watkins v United States Army	721 F2d 687; 37 Empl Prac Dec P 35,276; 37 Fair Empl Prac Cas 594	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	9 Dec 1983	WorldLII		7
Mollnow v Carlton	716 F2d 627	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	20 Sep 1983	WorldLII		28
Denberg v United States RR Retirement Bd	696 F2d 1193	United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit	United States	10 May 1983	WorldLII		22
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission v Joslyn Mfg and Supply Co	706 F2d 1469; 31 Empl Prac Dec P 33,595; 31 Fair Empl Prac Cas 1187	United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit	United States	9 May 1983	WorldLII		3
Gaspard v United States	713 F2d 1097	United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit	United States	6 Sep 1983	WorldLII		19
Mississippi University for Women v Hogan	458 US 718; 73 L Ed 2d 1090; 102 SCt 3331; 102 SCt 331	United States Supreme Court	United States	1 Jul 1982	WorldLII		146
Clark Clark v Arizona Interscholastic Association	695 F2d 1126; 8 Ed Law Rep 246	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	20 Jan 1982	WorldLII		8
Hillsdale College v Department of Health Education and Welfare	696 F2d 418; 8 Ed Law Rep 565	United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit	United States	16 Dec 1982	WorldLII		1
Young v United States Parole Commission	682 F2d 1105	United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit	United States	9 Aug 1982	WorldLII		8
Rostker v Goldberg	453 US 57; 69 L Ed 2d 478; 101 SCt 2646	United States Supreme Court	United States	25 Jun 1981	WorldLII		118
Michael M v Superior Court	450 US 464; 101 SCt 1200; 67 L Ed 2d 437	United States Supreme Court	United States	23 Mar 1981	WorldLII		63
Kirchberg v Feenstra	450 US 455; 67 L Ed 2d 428; 101 SCt 1195	United States Supreme Court	United States	23 Mar 1981	WorldLII		35
Schweiker v Wilson	450 US 221; 67 L Ed 2d 186; 101 SCt 1074	United States Supreme Court	United States	4 Mar 1981	WorldLII		136
Hunter v St Louis-San Francisco Railway Co	639 F2d 424; 25 Empl Prac Dec P 31,537; 24 Fair Empl Prac Cas 1601	United States Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit	United States	28 Jan 1981	WorldLII		5
Yellow Springs Exempted Village School District v Ohio High School Athletic Association	647 F2d 651	United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit	United States	28 Apr 1981	WorldLII		11
Bobo v Itt Continental Baking Co	662 F2d 340; 27 Empl Prac Dec P 32,366; 27 Fair Empl Prac Cas 502	United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit	United States	25 Nov 1981	WorldLII		5
Rodriguez v Secretary of Health Education & Welfare	644 F2d 918	United States Court of Appeals, First Circuit	United States	30 Mar 1981	WorldLII		1
Friedman v Harold	638 F2d 262	United States Court of Appeals, First Circuit	United States	13 Jan 1981	WorldLII		5
Wengler v Druggists Mut Ins Co	100 SCt 1540	United States Supreme Court	United States	22 Apr 1980	WorldLII		32
Association of National Advertisers Inc v Federal Trade Commission	627 F2d 1151; 201 USApp DC 165; 51 ALRFed 335	United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit	United States - District of Columbia	16 Jun 1980	WorldLII		41
Hanson v F Hoffmann	628 F2d 42; 202 USApp DC 42; 22 Empl Prac Dec P 30,618; 21 Fair Empl Prac Cas 1645	United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit	United States - District of Columbia	8 Feb 1980	WorldLII		14
United States v County of Humboldt	628 F2d 549	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	24 Sep 1980	WorldLII		24
United States v Hicks	625 F2d 216	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	15 Aug 1980	WorldLII		6
Navedo v Preisser	630 F2d 636	United States Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit	United States	22 Sep 1980	WorldLII		3
Carmi v Metropolitan St Louis Sewer District	620 F2d 672; 23 Empl Prac Dec P 30,893; 22 Fair Empl Prac Cas 1107	United States Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit	United States	29 May 1980	WorldLII		15
Crist Crist v S Crist H Pinkerton H Pinkerton	632 F2d 1226	United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit	United States	17 Dec 1980	WorldLII		10
United States v City of Miami	614 F2d 1322; 22 Empl Prac Dec P 30,822; 22 Fair Empl Prac Cas 846	United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit	United States	10 Apr 1980	WorldLII		55
Chatham v Jackson	613 F2d 73	United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit	United States	6 Mar 1980	WorldLII		4
Cash v Califano	621 F2d 626	United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit	United States	19 May 1980	WorldLII		13
Califano v Westcott	443 US 76; 61 L Ed 2d 382; 99 SCt 2655	United States Supreme Court	United States	25 Jun 1979	WorldLII		50
Personnel Administrator of Massachusetts v Feeney	442 US 256; 60 L Ed 2d 870; 99 SCt 2282	United States Supreme Court	United States	5 Jun 1979	WorldLII		343
Greenholtz v Nebraska Penal Inmates	442 US 1; 60 L Ed 2d 668; 99 SCt 2100	United States Supreme Court	United States	29 May 1979	WorldLII		487
Cannon v University of Chicago	441 US 677; 60 L Ed 2d 560; 99 SCt 1946	United States Supreme Court	United States	14 May 1979	WorldLII		528
Parham v Hughes	441 US 347; 60 L Ed 2d 269; 99 SCt 1742	United States Supreme Court	United States	24 Apr 1979	WorldLII		38
Caban v Mohammed	441 US 380; 60 L Ed 2d 297; 99 SCt 1760	United States Supreme Court	United States	24 Apr 1979	WorldLII		55
Orr v Orr	440 US 268; 59 L Ed 2d 306; 99 SCt 1102	United States Supreme Court	United States	5 Mar 1979	WorldLII		86
Vance v Bradley	440 US 93; 59 L Ed 2d 171; 99 SCt 939	United States Supreme Court	United States	22 Feb 1979	WorldLII		258
Blake v City of Los Angeles	595 F2d 1367; 53 ALRFed 1; 19 Fair Empl Prac Cas 1441	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	2 May 1979	WorldLII		33
Life Insurance Co of North America v Reichardt Reichardt	591 F2d 499	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	12 Mar 1979	WorldLII		30
Kirchberg v Feenstra	609 F2d 727	United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit	United States	12 Dec 1979	WorldLII		3
Alma Society Incorporated v Mellon	601 F2d 1225	United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit	United States	22 Jun 1979	WorldLII		2
Regents of the University of California v Bakke	438 US 265; 57 L Ed 2d 750; 98 SCt 2733	United States Supreme Court	United States	28 Jun 1978	WorldLII		385
Los Angeles Dept of Water & Power v Manhart	435 US 702; 55 L Ed 2d 657; 98 SCt 1370	United States Supreme Court	United States	25 Apr 1978	WorldLII		171
Community-Service Broadcasting of Mid-America, Inc v FCC	593 F2d 1102; 3 Media LRep 1063; 192 USApp DC 448	United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit	United States - District of Columbia	29 Sep 1978	WorldLII		18
De La Cruz v Tormey	582 F2d 45	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	13 Sep 1978	WorldLII		14
Spinkellink v Wainwright	578 F2d 582	United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit	United States	21 Aug 1978	WorldLII		91
Novotny v Great American Federal Savings & Loan Association	584 F2d 1235; 17 Fair Empl Prac Cas 1252	United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit	United States	7 Aug 1978	WorldLII		41
Dothard v Rawlinson	433 US 321; 53 L Ed 2d 786; 97 SCt 2720; [1977] Moore 708; [1977] Kirby 613	United States Supreme Court	United States - Connecticut	27 Jun 1977	WorldLII		279
Fiallo v Bell	430 US 787; 52 L Ed 2d 50; 97 SCt 1473	United States Supreme Court	United States	26 Apr 1977	WorldLII		183
Califano v Webster	430 US 313; 51 L Ed 2d 360; 97 SCt 1192	United States Supreme Court	United States	21 Mar 1977	WorldLII		48
Califano v Goldfarb	430 US 199; 51 L Ed 2d 270; 97 SCt 1021	United States Supreme Court	United States	2 Mar 1977	WorldLII		97
Holloway v Arthur Andersen and Co	566 F2d 659; 16 Fair Empl Prac Cas 689	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	23 Dec 1977	WorldLII		16
Miller v Y Carter	547 F2d 1314	United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit	United States	4 Jan 1977	WorldLII		7
McLellan v Mississippi Power & Light Co	545 F2d 919	United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit	United States	20 Jan 1977	WorldLII		59
Stroud v Delta Air Lines Inc	544 F2d 892; 14 Fair Empl Prac Cas 206	United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit	United States	3 Jan 1977	WorldLII		10
Davis v E Passman	544 F2d 865; 13 Empl Prac Dec P 11,465; 14 Fair Empl Prac Cas 177	United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit	United States	3 Jan 1977	WorldLII		16
Johnson v J Lefkowitz S H L	566 F2d 866; 16 Fair Empl Prac Cas 239	United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit	United States	14 Dec 1977	WorldLII		6
Meloon v Helgemoe	564 F2d 602	United States Court of Appeals, First Circuit	United States	31 Oct 1977	WorldLII		8
Craig v Boren	429 US 190; 50 L Ed 2d 397; 97 SCt 451	United States Supreme Court	United States	20 Dec 1976	WorldLII		372
General Electric Co v Gilbert	429 US 125; 50 L Ed 2d 343; 97 SCt 401	United States Supreme Court	United States	7 Dec 1976	WorldLII		312
Mathews v Lucas	427 US 495; 49 L Ed 2d 651; 96 SCt 2755	United States Supreme Court	United States	29 Jun 1976	WorldLII		125
Massachusetts Board of Retirement v Murgia	427 US 307; 96 SCt 2562; 49 L Ed 2d 520; 49 L Ed 520	United States Supreme Court	United States	25 Jun 1976	WorldLII		293
Martinez v Santa Clara Pueblo	540 F2d 1039	United States Court of Appeals, Tenth Circuit	United States	16 Aug 1976	WorldLII		4
Kalina v Railroad Retirement Board	541 F2d 1204	United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit	United States	13 Sep 1976	WorldLII		4
Henderson v Fort Worth Independent School District R	526 F2d 286	United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit	United States	22 Jan 1976	WorldLII		8
Hall v McKenzie	537 F2d 1232	United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit	United States	28 Jun 1976	WorldLII		11
Vorchheimer v School District of Philadelphia W	532 F2d 880	United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit	United States	16 Mar 1976	WorldLII		7
Government of Virgin Islands v Testamark	528 F2d 742; 1 Fed REvid Serv 1105	United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit	United States	29 Jan 1976	WorldLII		10
Street and Fifth Avenue Corporation	530 F2d 66	United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit	United States	19 May 1976	WorldLII		25
Crawford v E Cushman	531 F2d 1114; 11 Empl Prac Dec P 10,742; 12 Fair Empl Prac Cas 501	United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit	United States	23 Feb 1976	WorldLII		33
United States v Harris	537 F2d 563	United States Court of Appeals, First Circuit	United States	25 Jun 1976	WorldLII		2
Stanton v Stanton	421 US 7; 43 L Ed 2d 688; 95 SCt 1373	United States Supreme Court	United States	15 Apr 1975	WorldLII		66
Weinberger v Wiesenfeld	420 US 636; 43 L Ed 2d 514; 95 SCt 1225; 643 Gault 387	United States Supreme Court	United States - Georgia	19 Mar 1975	WorldLII		170
Schlesinger v Ballard	419 US 498; 42 L Ed 2d 610; 95 SCt 572	United States Supreme Court	United States	3 Mar 1975	WorldLII		78
United States v Harrison	524 F2d 421; 173 USApp DC 260	United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit	United States - District of Columbia	8 Dec 1975	WorldLII		40
Waldie v R Schlesinger Edwards	509 F2d 508; 166 USApp DC 175	United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit	United States - District of Columbia	29 Jan 1975	WorldLII		3
Hutchison v Lake Oswego School District No	519 F2d 961; 10 Empl Prac Dec P 10,325; 11 Fair Empl Prac Cas 161	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	10 Sep 1975	WorldLII		13
United States v Antelope	523 F2d 400	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	4 Sep 1975	WorldLII		7
Campbell v J Beaughler	519 F2d 1307; 10 Empl Prac Dec P 10,242; 11 Fair Empl Prac Cas 1308	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	23 Jun 1975	WorldLII		2
United States v Garrett	521 F2d 444	United States Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit	United States	23 Jul 1975	WorldLII		6
White v Fleming	522 F2d 730; 10 Empl Prac Dec P 10,313; 11 Fair Empl Prac Cas 619	United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit	United States	24 Jul 1975	WorldLII		3
Tanner v Weinberger	525 F2d 51	United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit	United States	31 Oct 1975	WorldLII
Shirley v Chagrin Falls Exempted Village Schools Board of Education	521 F2d 1329; 10 Empl Prac Dec P 10,390; 11 Fair Empl Prac Cas 549	United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit	United States	16 Sep 1975	WorldLII		5
Satty v Nashville Gas Co	522 F2d 850; 10 Empl Prac Dec P 10,359; 11 Fair Empl Prac Cas 1	United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit	United States	8 Aug 1975	WorldLII		23
Smith v Troyan a Smith	520 F2d 492; 10 Empl Prac Dec P 10,263; 10 Fair Empl Prac Cas 1380	United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit	United States	3 Jul 1975	WorldLII		11
Tyler v E Vickery Banks	517 F2d 1089; 10 Empl Prac Dec P 10,388; 30 ALRFed 907; 11 Fair Empl Prac Cas 972	United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit	United States	20 Aug 1975	WorldLII		28
Foster v Sparks	506 F2d 805	United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit	United States	20 Jan 1975	WorldLII		23
Gilbert v General Electric Co	519 F2d 661; 10 Empl Prac Dec P 10,269; 10 Fair Empl Prac Cas 1201	United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit	United States	27 Jun 1975	WorldLII		10
United States v Baechler	509 F2d 13	United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit	United States	27 May 1975	WorldLII		2
Colorado Springs Amusements Ltd v L Rizzo Rubenstein	524 F2d 571; 10 Empl Prac Dec P 10,459	United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit	United States	16 Oct 1975	WorldLII		4
Communications Workers of America v American Telephone and Telegraph Co Long Lines Department	513 F2d 1024; 9 Empl Prac Dec P 10,035; 10 Fair Empl Prac Cas 435	United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit	United States	26 Mar 1975	WorldLII		11
Fortin v Darlington Little League Inc	514 F2d 344	United States Court of Appeals, First Circuit	United States	31 Mar 1975	WorldLII		7
Women's Liberation Union of Rhode Island v J Israel	512 F2d 106	United States Court of Appeals, First Circuit	United States	4 Mar 1975	WorldLII		7
Geduldig v Aiello	417 US 484; 41 L Ed 2d 256; 94 SCt 2485	United States Supreme Court	United States	17 Jun 1974	WorldLII		95
Arnett v Kennedy	416 US 134; 40 L Ed 2d 15; 42 USLW 4513; 94 SCt 1633	United States Supreme Court	United States	17 Jun 1974	WorldLII		441
Kahn v Shevin	416 US 351; 40 L Ed 2d 189; 94 SCt 1734; 40 L Ed 189	United States Supreme Court	United States	24 Apr 1974	WorldLII		58
Johnson v Robison	415 US 361; 39 L Ed 2d 389; 94 SCt 1160	United States Supreme Court	United States	4 Mar 1974	WorldLII		264
Memorial Hospital v Maricopa County	415 US 250; 39 L Ed 2d 306; 94 SCt 1076	United States Supreme Court	United States	26 Feb 1974	WorldLII		105
Cleveland Board of Education v LaFleur	414 US 632; 39 L Ed 2d 52; 94 SCt 791; 42 USLW 4186	United States Supreme Court	United States	21 Jan 1974	WorldLII		162
Evans v Sheraton Park Hotel	503 F2d 177; 164 USApp DC 86; 8 Fair Empl Prac Cas 705	United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit	United States - District of Columbia	12 Sep 1974	WorldLII		44
Duncan v General Motors Corporation	499 F2d 835	United States Court of Appeals, Tenth Circuit	United States	25 Jul 1974	WorldLII		1
Junior Chamber of Commerce of Rochester Inc Rochester New York v United States Jaycees Tulsa Oklahoma	495 F2d 883	United States Court of Appeals, Tenth Circuit	United States	16 Apr 1974	WorldLII		10
Berkelman v San Francisco Unified School District	501 F2d 1264	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	1 Jul 1974	WorldLII		13
United States v Bowen	500 F2d 960	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	9 May 1974	WorldLII		41
Daigle v Warner	490 F2d 358	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	29 Jan 1974	WorldLII		7
King v Little League Baseball Inc S B	505 F2d 264	United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit	United States	30 Oct 1974	WorldLII
St Ann v Palisi	495 F2d 423	United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit	United States	24 Jul 1974	WorldLII		5
Naacp v Allen	493 F2d 614; 7 Fair Empl Prac Cas 873	United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit	United States	19 Apr 1974	WorldLII		28
Lane v Attorney General of United States	492 F2d 121	United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit	United States	4 Apr 1974	WorldLII
United States v Maples	501 F2d 985	United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit	United States	7 Aug 1974	WorldLII		11
Taylor v Lavine M Hurley	497 F2d 1208	United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit	United States	14 May 1974	WorldLII		4
United States Department of Agriculture v Moreno	413 US 528; 37 L Ed 2d 782; 93 SCt 2821	United States Supreme Court	United States	25 Jun 1973	WorldLII		141
Vlandis v Kline	412 US 441; 37 L Ed 2d 63; 93 SCt 2230; 37 L Ed 63	United States Supreme Court	United States	11 Jun 1973	WorldLII		118
Fagan v National Cash Register Co	481 F2d 1115; 27 ALRFed 257; 5 Fair Empl Prac Cas 1335; 157 USApp DC 15	United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit	United States - District of Columbia	21 Aug 1973	WorldLII		17
Downen v W Warner E	481 F2d 642; 8 Fair Empl Prac Cas 332	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	2 Jul 1973	WorldLII		10

Law Journal Articles Referring to this Case

Journal Article Title	Citation(s) †	Author	Jurisdiction	Date	Full Text		Citation Index
Demosprudence Through Dissent	(2008) 122 Harvard Law Review 4	Guinier, Lani	United States	1 Jan 2008	WorldLII		1
"Open Chambers: High Court Associates and Supreme Court Clerks Compared"	(2007) 31 Melbourne University Law Review 646	Young, Katharine G	Australia	circa 2007	AustLII		1
From Employment to Contract: Section 1981 and Antidiscrimination Law for the Independent Contractor Workforce	(2006) 116 Yale Law Journal 170	Tarantolo, Danielle	United States	1 Jan 2006	WorldLII
"Burkean Minimalism"	105 Michigan Law Review 353	Sunstein, Cass R	United States	1 Jan 2006	WorldLII		8
"Evolving Objective Standards: A Developmental Approach to Constitutional Review of Morals Legislation"	(2006) 105 Michigan Law Review 151	Grostic, Christian J	United States	1 Jan 2006	WorldLII
Judicially Manageable Standards and Constitutional Meaning	119 Harvard Law Review 1274	Richard H Fallon, Jr	United States	1 Jan 2006	WorldLII		6
Pluralism and Distrust: How Courts Can Support Democracy by Lowering the Stakes of Politics	(2005) 114 Yale Law Journal 1279	William N Eskridge Jr	United States	1 Jan 2005	WorldLII		6
Punishing Masculinity in Gay Asylum Claims	(2005) 114 Yale Law Journal 913	Hanna, Fadi	United States	1 Jan 2005	WorldLII		1
Future of Disability Law	(2004) 114 Yale Law Journal 1	Bagenstos, Samuel R	United States	1 Jan 2004	WorldLII		1
Legislative Constitutionalism and Section Five Power: Policentric Interpretation of the Family and Medical Leave Act	(2003) 112 Yale Law Journal 1943	Robert C Post and Reva B Siegel	United States	1 Jan 2003	WorldLII		6
Friedman's Law	(2003) 112 Yale Law Journal 925	Parrish, Michael E	United States	1 Jan 2003	WorldLII
" A Common Fate of Discrimination " : Race-Gender Analogies in Legal and Historical Perspective	(2001) 110 Yale Law Journal 1045	Mayeri, Serena	United States	1 Jan 2001	WorldLII		1
Equal Protection by Law: Federal Antidiscrimination Legislation < br > After < I > Morrison < /I > and < I > Kimel < /I &gt	110 Yale Law Journal 441	Robert C Post and Reva B Siegel	United States	1 Jan 2000	WorldLII		14
"Cradle to the Grave': Age Discrimination and Legislative Policy in Australia"	(1996) 3 Australian Journal of Human Rights 97	Lindsay, Katherine	Australia	circa 1996	AustLII		2
"Equality and Inequality - The Law's Ambivalence"	(1975-1976) 10 Melbourne University Law Review 249	Forkosch, Morris D	Australia	circa 1976	AustLII

Legislation Cited

Cases and Articles Cited

Case Name	Citation(s) †	Court	Jurisdiction	Date	Full Text		Citation Index
Downen v W Warner E	481 F2d 642; 8 Fair Empl Prac Cas 332	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	2 Jul 1973	WorldLII		10
Jefferson v Hackney	406 US 535; 32 L Ed 2d 285; 92 SCt 1724	United States Supreme Court	United States	10 Oct 1972	WorldLII		112
Weber v Aetna Casualty & Surety Co	406 US 164; 31 L Ed 2d 768; 92 SCt 1400	United States Supreme Court	United States	24 Apr 1972	WorldLII		102
Stanley v Illinois	405 US 645; 31 L Ed 551; 31 L Ed 2d 551; 92 SCt 1208	United States Supreme Court	United States	3 Apr 1972	WorldLII		285
Dunn v Blumstein	405 US 330; 31 L Ed 2d 274; 92 SCt 995	United States Supreme Court	United States	21 Mar 1972	WorldLII		290
Moritz v Commissioner of Internal Revenue	469 F2d 466	United States Court of Appeals, Tenth Circuit	United States	22 Nov 1972	WorldLII		6
"Title VII Reconsidered: The Equal Employment Opportunity Act of 1972"	(1972) 40 George Washington Law Review 824	George Washington Law Review	United States	circa 1972	HeinOnline / LexisNexis		8
Richardson v Belcher	404 US 78; 30 L Ed 2d 231; 92 SCt 254	United States Supreme Court	United States	22 Nov 1971	WorldLII		136
Reed v Reed	404 US 71; 30 L Ed 225; 30 L Ed 2d 225; 92 SCt 251	United States Supreme Court	United States	22 Nov 1971	WorldLII		231
Graham v Richardson	403 US 365; 29 L Ed 2d 534; 91 SCt 1848; 29 L Ed 534	United States Supreme Court	United States	14 Jun 1971	WorldLII		217
Oregon v Mitchell	400 US 112; 27 L Ed 2d 272; 91 SCt 260	United States Supreme Court	United States	21 Dec 1970	WorldLII		146
Kramer v Union Free School District	395 US 621; 23 L Ed 2d 583; 89 SCt 1886	United States Supreme Court	United States	16 Jun 1969	WorldLII		157
Gaston County v United States	395 US 285; 23 L Ed 2d 309; 89 SCt 1720	United States Supreme Court	United States	2 Jun 1969	WorldLII		22
Shapiro v Thompson	394 US 618; 89 SCt 1322; 22 L Ed 2d 600	United States Supreme Court	United States	21 Apr 1969	WorldLII		442
Levy v Louisiana	391 US 68; 20 L Ed 2d 436; 88 SCt 1509	United States Supreme Court	United States	14 Oct 1968	WorldLII		65
Jones v Alfred H Mayer Co	392 US 409; 88 SCt 2186; 20 L Ed 2d 1189	United States Supreme Court	United States	17 Jun 1968	WorldLII		306
Gruenwald v Gardner	390 F2d 591	United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit	United States	26 Jan 1968	WorldLII		18
Loving v Virginia	388 US 1; 18 L Ed 2d 1010; 87 SCt 1817; 18 L Ed 1010	United States Supreme Court	United States	12 Jun 1967	WorldLII		308
Katzenbach v Morgan	384 US 641; 16 L Ed 2d 828; 86 SCt 1717	United States Supreme Court	United States	13 Jun 1966	WorldLII		197
South Carolina v Katzenbach	383 US 301; 15 L Ed 2d 769; 86 SCt 803	United States Supreme Court	United States	7 Mar 1966	WorldLII		199
Carrington v Rash	380 US 89; 13 L Ed 2d 675; 85 SCt 775	United States Supreme Court	United States	1 Mar 1965	WorldLII		126
McLaughlin v Florida	379 US 184; 13 L Ed 2d 222; 85 SCt 283	United States Supreme Court	United States	7 Dec 1964	WorldLII		165
Reynolds v Sims	377 US 533; 12 L Ed 2d 506; 84 SCt 1362	United States Supreme Court	United States	12 Oct 1964	WorldLII		479
Schneider v Rusk	377 US 163; 12 L Ed 2d 218; 84 SCt 1187	United States Supreme Court	United States	18 May 1964	WorldLII		77
"Developments in the Law-Employment Discrimination and Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964,"	(1964) 84 Harvard Law Review 1109	Harvard Law Review	United States	circa 1964	HeinOnline / LexisNexis		79
Law — Employment Discrimination and Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of	(1964) 8j Harvard Law Review 1109	Harvard Law Review	United States	circa 1964	HeinOnline / LexisNexis		1
McGowan v Maryland	366 US 420; 81 SCt 1101; 6 L Ed 2d 393	United States Supreme Court	United States	29 May 1961	WorldLII		451
Bolling v Sharpe	347 US 497; 98 L Ed 884; 74 SCt 693	United States Supreme Court	United States	17 May 1954	WorldLII		578
Oyama v California	332 US 633; 92 L Ed 249; 68 SCt 269	United States Supreme Court	United States	19 Jan 1948	WorldLII		70
Korematsu v United States	323 US 214; 89 L Ed 194; 65 SCt 193; 89 L Ed 2d 194	United States Supreme Court	United States	12 Feb 1945	WorldLII		229
Hirabayashi v United States	320 US 81; 87 L Ed 2d 1774; 87 L Ed 1774; 63 SCt 1375	United States Supreme Court	United States	21 Jun 1943	WorldLII		435
Yick Wo v Hopkins	6 SCt 1064	United States Supreme Court	United States	10 May 1886	WorldLII		644
Dandridge v Williams	397 US 471; 25 L Ed 2d 491; 25 L Ed 491; 90 SCt 1153	United States Supreme Court	United States	1 Oct 1878	WorldLII		701
Bradwell v Illinois	83 US 130; 16 Wall 130; 21 L Ed 442	United States Supreme Court	United States	1 Dec 1872	WorldLII		53
409 US 840	409 US 840; 41 USLW 3158; 35 L Ed 2d 79; 93 SCt 66	United States Supreme Court	United States		Westlaw		9
396 US 854	396 US 854; 90 SCt 115; 24 L Ed 2d 103	United States Supreme Court	United States		Westlaw		4
393 US 982	393 US 982; 21 L Ed 2d 443; 89 SCt 454	United States Supreme Court	United States		Westlaw		30
393 US 981	393 US 981; 21 L Ed 2d 442; 89 SCt 451	United States Supreme Court	United States		Westlaw		11
Flemming v Nestor	363 US 603; 4 L Ed 2d 1345	United States Supreme Court	United States		Westlaw		284
District Court, Frontiero v Laird	341 FSupp 201		United States	circa 1964	Westlaw		3
Reed v Reed	93 Idaho 511; 465 P2d 635		United States - Idaho	circa 1964			4
Note, Sex Discrimination and Equal Protection: Do We Need a Constitutional Amendment?	84 Harvard Law Review 1499	Harvard Law Review	United States		HeinOnline / LexisNexis		7
"Developments in the Law Equal Protection"	82 Harvard Law Review 1065	Harvard Law Review	United States		HeinOnline / LexisNexis		46
80 SCt 1367; 1372 4 l Ed 2d 1435	80 SCt 1367; 1372 4 L Ed 2d 1435		United States		Westlaw		213
6 SCt 1064	6 SCt 1064		United States		Westlaw		252
4 Ot 1971	4 Ot 1971		United States	circa 1971			1