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Frontiero v Richardson     227

Cases Referring to this Case

Case Name †	Citation(s)	Court	Jurisdiction	Date	Full Text		Citation Index
Alma Society Incorporated v Mellon	601 F2d 1225	United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit	United States	22 Jun 1979	WorldLII		2
Andrews v Law Society of British Columbia	[1989] CanLII 2 (SCC); [1989] 1 SCR 143	Supreme Court of Canada	Canada	2 Feb 1989	CanLII		101
Antonio M Serrano v Gallant Maritime Services, Inc ,	[2009] PHSC 291	Supreme Court of the Philippines	Philippines	24 Mar 2009	AsianLII
Anuj Garg v Hotel Association of India	[2007] INSC 1226	Supreme Court of India	India	6 Dec 2007	LIIofIndia
Arnett v Kennedy	416 US 134; 40 L Ed 2d 15; 42 USLW 4513; 94 SCt 1633	United States Supreme Court	United States	17 Jun 1974	WorldLII		441
Association of National Advertisers Inc v Federal Trade Commission	627 F2d 1151; 201 USApp DC 165; 51 ALRFed 335	United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit	United States - District of Columbia	16 Jun 1980	WorldLII		41
Automobile Workers v Johnson Controls, Inc	499 US 187; 113 L Ed 2d 158; 111 SCt 1196	United States Supreme Court	United States	20 Mar 1991	WorldLII		80
Bator v Hawaii	39 F3d 1021	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	8 Nov 1994	WorldLII		13
Berkelman v San Francisco Unified School District	501 F2d 1264	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	1 Jul 1974	WorldLII		13
Blake v City of Los Angeles	595 F2d 1367; 53 ALRFed 1; 19 Fair Empl Prac Cas 1441	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	2 May 1979	WorldLII		33
Bobo v Itt Continental Baking Co	662 F2d 340; 27 Empl Prac Dec P 32,366; 27 Fair Empl Prac Cas 502	United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit	United States	25 Nov 1981	WorldLII		5
Booth v Hvass R	302 F3d 849	United States Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit	United States	11 Sep 2002	WorldLII		2
Bray v Alexandria Women's Health Clinic	506 US 263; 122 L Ed 2d 34; 113 SCt 753	United States Supreme Court	United States	13 Jan 1993	WorldLII		112
Brown v Zavaras	63 F3d 967	United States Court of Appeals, Tenth Circuit	United States	18 Aug 1995	WorldLII		19
Caban v Mohammed	441 US 380; 60 L Ed 2d 297; 99 SCt 1760	United States Supreme Court	United States	24 Apr 1979	WorldLII		55
Califano v Goldfarb	430 US 199; 51 L Ed 2d 270; 97 SCt 1021	United States Supreme Court	United States	2 Mar 1977	WorldLII		97
Califano v Webster	430 US 313; 51 L Ed 2d 360; 97 SCt 1192	United States Supreme Court	United States	21 Mar 1977	WorldLII		48
Califano v Westcott	443 US 76; 61 L Ed 2d 382; 99 SCt 2655	United States Supreme Court	United States	25 Jun 1979	WorldLII		50
Campbell v J Beaughler	519 F2d 1307; 10 Empl Prac Dec P 10,242; 11 Fair Empl Prac Cas 1308	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	23 Jun 1975	WorldLII		2
Cannon v University of Chicago	441 US 677; 60 L Ed 2d 560; 99 SCt 1946	United States Supreme Court	United States	14 May 1979	WorldLII		528
Carmi v Metropolitan St Louis Sewer District	620 F2d 672; 23 Empl Prac Dec P 30,893; 22 Fair Empl Prac Cas 1107	United States Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit	United States	29 May 1980	WorldLII		15
Cash v Califano	621 F2d 626	United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit	United States	19 May 1980	WorldLII		13
Chappell v Wallace	462 US 296; 761 F2d 586; 76 L Ed 2d 586; 103 SCt 2362; 76 L Ed 586	United States Supreme Court	United States	13 Jun 1983	WorldLII		231
Chatham v Jackson	613 F2d 73	United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit	United States	6 Mar 1980	WorldLII		4
City of Cleburne v Cleburne Living Center	473 US 432; 87 L Ed 2d 313; 105 SCt 3249	United States Supreme Court	United States	1 Jul 1985	WorldLII		577
City of Richmond v JA Croson Co	488 US 469; 102 L Ed 2d 854; 109 SCt 706	United States Supreme Court	United States	23 Jan 1989	WorldLII		251
Clark Clark v Arizona Interscholastic Association	695 F2d 1126; 8 Ed Law Rep 246	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	20 Jan 1982	WorldLII		8
Cleburne Living Center Inc v City of Cleburne Texas	735 F2d 832	United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit	United States	6 Jul 1984	WorldLII
Cleveland Board of Education v LaFleur	414 US 632; 39 L Ed 2d 52; 94 SCt 791; 42 USLW 4186	United States Supreme Court	United States	21 Jan 1974	WorldLII		162
Cohen v Brown University	101 F3d 155; 45 Fed REvid Serv 1369; 114 Ed Law Rep 394; 65 USLW 2396	United States Court of Appeals, First Circuit	United States	21 Nov 1996	WorldLII		23
Colorado Springs Amusements Ltd v L Rizzo Rubenstein	524 F2d 571; 10 Empl Prac Dec P 10,459	United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit	United States	16 Oct 1975	WorldLII		4
Communications Workers of America v American Telephone and Telegraph Co Long Lines Department	513 F2d 1024; 9 Empl Prac Dec P 10,035; 10 Fair Empl Prac Cas 435	United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit	United States	26 Mar 1975	WorldLII		11
Community-Service Broadcasting of Mid-America, Inc v FCC	593 F2d 1102; 3 Media LRep 1063; 192 USApp DC 448	United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit	United States - District of Columbia	29 Sep 1978	WorldLII		18
Costa v Desert Palace, Inc	299 F3d 838	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	2 Aug 2002	WorldLII		26
Craig v Boren	429 US 190; 50 L Ed 2d 397; 97 SCt 451	United States Supreme Court	United States	20 Dec 1976	WorldLII		372
Crawford v E Cushman	531 F2d 1114; 11 Empl Prac Dec P 10,742; 12 Fair Empl Prac Cas 501	United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit	United States	23 Feb 1976	WorldLII		33
Crawford v Texas Army National Guard	794 F2d 1034	United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit	United States	23 Jul 1986	WorldLII		20
Crist Crist v S Crist H Pinkerton H Pinkerton	632 F2d 1226	United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit	United States	17 Dec 1980	WorldLII		10
D'Amato v Wisconsin Gas Co	760 F2d 1474; 36 Empl Prac Dec P 35,159; 37 Fair Empl Prac Cas 1092	United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit	United States	25 Apr 1985	WorldLII		25
Daigle v Warner	490 F2d 358	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	29 Jan 1974	WorldLII		7
Davis v E Passman	544 F2d 865; 13 Empl Prac Dec P 11,465; 14 Fair Empl Prac Cas 177	United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit	United States	3 Jan 1977	WorldLII		16
De La Cruz v Tormey	582 F2d 45	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	13 Sep 1978	WorldLII		14
Denberg v United States RR Retirement Bd	696 F2d 1193	United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit	United States	10 May 1983	WorldLII		22
Dibble v H Fenimore v F	339 F3d 120	United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit	United States	8 Aug 2003	WorldLII		4
Doe v W Sullivan Md	938 F2d 1370; 60 USLW 2080; 291 USApp DC 111	United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit	United States - District of Columbia	16 Jul 1991	WorldLII		11
Dothard v Rawlinson	433 US 321; 53 L Ed 2d 786; 97 SCt 2720; [1977] Moore 708; [1977] Kirby 613	United States Supreme Court	United States - Connecticut	27 Jun 1977	WorldLII		279
Downen v W Warner E	481 F2d 642; 8 Fair Empl Prac Cas 332	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	2 Jul 1973	WorldLII		10
Dr Iris I Varner, , Plaintiffs-Appellees, and United States of America, Intervening Appellee, v Illinois State University, , Defendants-Appellants	226 F3d 927	United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit	United States	6 Sep 2000	WorldLII		14
Duncan v General Motors Corporation	499 F2d 835	United States Court of Appeals, Tenth Circuit	United States	25 Jul 1974	WorldLII		1
Edwards v M Heckler	770 F2d 1496	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	13 Sep 1985	WorldLII		2
Edwards v M Heckler	789 F2d 659	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	13 May 1986	WorldLII		4
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission v Joslyn Mfg and Supply Co	706 F2d 1469; 31 Empl Prac Dec P 33,595; 31 Fair Empl Prac Cas 1187	United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit	United States	9 May 1983	WorldLII		3
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission v Puget Sound Log Scaling and Grading Bureau	752 F2d 1389; 53 USLW 2408; 36 Empl Prac Dec P 34,969; 36 Fair Empl Prac Cas 1664	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	29 Jan 1985	WorldLII		3
Eugene E Wigginton, Plaintiff, Appellant, v Reginald a Centracchio, , Defendants, Appellees	205 F3d 504	United States Court of Appeals, First Circuit	United States	13 Mar 2000	WorldLII		5
Evans v Sheraton Park Hotel	503 F2d 177; 164 USApp DC 86; 8 Fair Empl Prac Cas 705	United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit	United States - District of Columbia	12 Sep 1974	WorldLII		44
Fagan v National Cash Register Co	481 F2d 1115; 27 ALRFed 257; 5 Fair Empl Prac Cas 1335; 157 USApp DC 15	United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit	United States - District of Columbia	21 Aug 1973	WorldLII		17
Farber v City of Paterson	440 F3d 131	United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit	United States	8 Mar 2006	WorldLII		2
Farmer v Mabus	940 F2d 921	United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit	United States	20 Aug 1991	WorldLII
Faulkner v E Jones	10 F3d 226; 87 Ed Law Rep 394	United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit	United States	17 Nov 1993	WorldLII		10
Fiallo v Bell	430 US 787; 52 L Ed 2d 50; 97 SCt 1473	United States Supreme Court	United States	26 Apr 1977	WorldLII		183
Fortin v Darlington Little League Inc	514 F2d 344	United States Court of Appeals, First Circuit	United States	31 Mar 1975	WorldLII		7
Foster v Sparks	506 F2d 805	United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit	United States	20 Jan 1975	WorldLII		23
Friedman v Harold	638 F2d 262	United States Court of Appeals, First Circuit	United States	13 Jan 1981	WorldLII		5
Gaspard v United States	713 F2d 1097	United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit	United States	6 Sep 1983	WorldLII		19
Geduldig v Aiello	417 US 484; 41 L Ed 2d 256; 94 SCt 2485	United States Supreme Court	United States	17 Jun 1974	WorldLII		95
General Electric Co v Gilbert	429 US 125; 50 L Ed 2d 343; 97 SCt 401	United States Supreme Court	United States	7 Dec 1976	WorldLII		312
Gilbert v General Electric Co	519 F2d 661; 10 Empl Prac Dec P 10,269; 10 Fair Empl Prac Cas 1201	United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit	United States	27 Jun 1975	WorldLII		10
Goldman v Secretary of Defense	734 F2d 1531; 236 USApp DC 248; 34 Empl Prac Dec P 34,377; 36 Fair Empl Prac Cas 1566	United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit	United States - District of Columbia	10 Aug 1984	WorldLII		5
Government of Virgin Islands v Testamark	528 F2d 742; 1 Fed REvid Serv 1105	United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit	United States	29 Jan 1976	WorldLII		10
Gratz v Bollinger	539 US 244; 123 SCt 2411; 156 L Ed 2d 257; 177 Ed Law Rep 851	United States Supreme Court	United States	23 Jun 2003	WorldLII		54
Greenholtz v Nebraska Penal Inmates	442 US 1; 60 L Ed 2d 668; 99 SCt 2100	United States Supreme Court	United States	29 May 1979	WorldLII		487
Hall v McKenzie	537 F2d 1232	United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit	United States	28 Jun 1976	WorldLII		11
Hanson v F Hoffmann	628 F2d 42; 202 USApp DC 42; 22 Empl Prac Dec P 30,618; 21 Fair Empl Prac Cas 1645	United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit	United States - District of Columbia	8 Feb 1980	WorldLII		14
Heckler v Mathews	465 US 728; 79 L Ed 2d 646; 104 SCt 1387; 79 L Ed 2	United States Supreme Court	United States	5 Mar 1984	WorldLII		89
Henderson v Fort Worth Independent School District R	526 F2d 286	United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit	United States	22 Jan 1976	WorldLII		8
High Tech Gays	895 F2d 563; 58 USLW 2473; 52 Empl Prac Dec P 39,608; 60 Fair Empl Prac Cas 1435	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	2 Feb 1990	WorldLII		29
Hillsdale College v Department of Health Education and Welfare	696 F2d 418; 8 Ed Law Rep 565	United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit	United States	16 Dec 1982	WorldLII		1
Holloway v Arthur Andersen and Co	566 F2d 659; 16 Fair Empl Prac Cas 689	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	23 Dec 1977	WorldLII		16
Hunter v St Louis-San Francisco Railway Co	639 F2d 424; 25 Empl Prac Dec P 31,537; 24 Fair Empl Prac Cas 1601	United States Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit	United States	28 Jan 1981	WorldLII		5
Hutchison v Lake Oswego School District No	519 F2d 961; 10 Empl Prac Dec P 10,325; 11 Fair Empl Prac Cas 161	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	10 Sep 1975	WorldLII		13
JEB v Alabama	511 US 127; 128 L Ed 2d 89; 114 SCt 1419	United States Supreme Court	United States	19 Apr 1994	WorldLII		147
Johann Breyer, Appellant v Doris Meissner, US Immigration and Naturalization Service	214 F3d 416	United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit	United States	6 Jun 2000	WorldLII		2
Johnson v Bd of Regents	263 F3d 1234	United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit	United States	27 Aug 2001	WorldLII		27
Johnson v J Lefkowitz S H L	566 F2d 866; 16 Fair Empl Prac Cas 239	United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit	United States	14 Dec 1977	WorldLII		6
Johnson v Robison	415 US 361; 39 L Ed 2d 389; 94 SCt 1160	United States Supreme Court	United States	4 Mar 1974	WorldLII		264
Johnson v Smith	696 F2d 1334	United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit	United States	3 Feb 1983	WorldLII		20
Jorden v National Guard Bureau	799 F2d 99	United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit	United States	23 Oct 1986	WorldLII		18
Junior Chamber of Commerce of Rochester Inc Rochester New York v United States Jaycees Tulsa Oklahoma	495 F2d 883	United States Court of Appeals, Tenth Circuit	United States	16 Apr 1974	WorldLII		10
Kahn v Shevin	416 US 351; 40 L Ed 2d 189; 94 SCt 1734; 40 L Ed 189	United States Supreme Court	United States	24 Apr 1974	WorldLII		58
Kalina v Railroad Retirement Board	541 F2d 1204	United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit	United States	13 Sep 1976	WorldLII		4
King v Little League Baseball Inc S B	505 F2d 264	United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit	United States	30 Oct 1974	WorldLII
Kirchberg v Feenstra	609 F2d 727	United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit	United States	12 Dec 1979	WorldLII		3
Kirchberg v Feenstra	450 US 455; 67 L Ed 2d 428; 101 SCt 1195	United States Supreme Court	United States	23 Mar 1981	WorldLII		35
Knussman v Maryland	272 F3d 625	United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit	United States	7 Nov 2001	WorldLII		13
Knutson v Wisconsin Air National Guard D	995 F2d 765	United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit	United States	9 Jun 1993	WorldLII		10
Korineck v General Dynamics Corporation Electric Boat Division	835 F2d 42; [1988] AMC 742	United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit	United States	8 Dec 1987	WorldLII		4
Laffey v Northwest Airlines, Inc	740 F2d 1071; 35 Fair Empl Prac Cas 508	United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit	United States	20 Jul 1984	WorldLII		33
Lamprecht v Federal Communications Commission	958 F2d 382; 60 USLW 2537; 294 USApp DC 164; 58 Empl Prac Dec P 41,288	United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit	United States - District of Columbia	19 Feb 1992	WorldLII		21
Lane v Attorney General of United States	492 F2d 121	United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit	United States	4 Apr 1974	WorldLII
Life Insurance Co of North America v Reichardt Reichardt	591 F2d 499	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	12 Mar 1979	WorldLII		30
LINDA LEWIS, Plaintiff-Appellee, CITY OF NEW YORK, NEW YORK HEALTH AND HOSPITALS CORPORATION, Intervenors-Plaintiffs-Appellees, CESAR PERALES, Commissioner of the New York State Department of Social Services, Defendant-Appellee, v TOMMY G THOMPSON, Defendant-Appellant	252 F3d 567	United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit	United States	27 Jul 2001	WorldLII		6
Long v City of Saginaw 129	911 F2d 1192; 116 Lab Cas 10,367; 54 Empl Prac Dec P 40,153; 53 Fair Empl Prac Cas 1025	United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit	United States	14 Aug 1990	WorldLII		10
Los Angeles Dept of Water & Power v Manhart	435 US 702; 55 L Ed 2d 657; 98 SCt 1370	United States Supreme Court	United States	25 Apr 1978	WorldLII		171
Lucero v Operation Rescue of Birmingham	954 F2d 624	United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit	United States	16 Apr 1992	WorldLII		14
Lyes v City of Riviera Beach	166 F3d 1332	United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit	United States	11 Feb 1999	WorldLII		20
Lyes v City of Riviera Beach Florida	126 F3d 1380	United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit	United States	5 Nov 1997	WorldLII		5
Manufacturers Hanover Trust Co v United States	775 F2d 459; 56 AFTR2d 85-6560	United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit	United States	16 Sep 1985	WorldLII		1
Marsh v Chambers	463 US 783; 77 L Ed 2d 1019; 103 SCt 3330	United States Supreme Court	United States	5 Jul 1983	WorldLII		123
Martin v Garman Construction Co	948 F2d 218; 60 USLW 2308; 120 Lab Cas 10,981; 14 Employee Benefits Cas 1750	United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit	United States	29 Oct 1991	WorldLII		5
Martinez v Santa Clara Pueblo	540 F2d 1039	United States Court of Appeals, Tenth Circuit	United States	16 Aug 1976	WorldLII		4
Massachusetts Board of Retirement v Murgia	427 US 307; 96 SCt 2562; 49 L Ed 2d 520; 49 L Ed 520	United States Supreme Court	United States	25 Jun 1976	WorldLII		293
Mathews v Lucas	427 US 495; 49 L Ed 2d 651; 96 SCt 2755	United States Supreme Court	United States	29 Jun 1976	WorldLII		125
McLellan v Mississippi Power & Light Co	545 F2d 919	United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit	United States	20 Jan 1977	WorldLII		59
Meloon v Helgemoe	564 F2d 602	United States Court of Appeals, First Circuit	United States	31 Oct 1977	WorldLII		8
Memorial Hospital v Maricopa County	415 US 250; 39 L Ed 2d 306; 94 SCt 1076	United States Supreme Court	United States	26 Feb 1974	WorldLII		105
Metro Broadcasting, Inc v FCC	497 US 547; 111 L Ed 2d 445; 110 SCt 2997	United States Supreme Court	United States	27 Jun 1990	WorldLII		83
Michael M v Superior Court	450 US 464; 101 SCt 1200; 67 L Ed 2d 437	United States Supreme Court	United States	23 Mar 1981	WorldLII		63
Miller v Y Carter	547 F2d 1314	United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit	United States	4 Jan 1977	WorldLII		7
Mississippi University for Women v Hogan	458 US 718; 73 L Ed 2d 1090; 102 SCt 3331; 102 SCt 331	United States Supreme Court	United States	1 Jul 1982	WorldLII		146
Mollnow v Carlton	716 F2d 627	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	20 Sep 1983	WorldLII		28
Montgomery v L Carr	101 F3d 1117; 12 IER Cases 460; 114 Ed Law Rep 750; 65 USLW 2412	United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit	United States	4 Dec 1996	WorldLII		13
Moss v Clark	886 F2d 686	United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit	United States	13 Nov 1989	WorldLII		19
Naacp Legal Defense Educational Fund Inc v J Devine	727 F2d 1247; 234 USApp DC 148	United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit	United States - District of Columbia	17 Feb 1984	WorldLII		4
Naacp v Allen	493 F2d 614; 7 Fair Empl Prac Cas 873	United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit	United States	19 Apr 1974	WorldLII		28
National Gay Task Force v Board of Education of City of Oklahoma City	729 F2d 1270; 16 Ed Law Rep 1035; 34 Empl Prac Dec P 34,357; 34 Fair Empl Prac Cas 459	United States Court of Appeals, Tenth Circuit	United States	14 Mar 1984	WorldLII		9
Navedo v Preisser	630 F2d 636	United States Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit	United States	22 Sep 1980	WorldLII		3
Nev Dep't of Human Res v Hibbs	538 US 721; 123 SCt 1972; 155 L Ed 2d 953	United States Supreme Court	United States	27 May 2003	WorldLII		52
Nevada Department of Human Resources , Petitioners v William Hibbs	[2003] USSC 4026	United States Supreme Court	United States	27 May 2003	WorldLII
New England Baptist Hospital v United States	807 F2d 280; 59 AFTR2d 87-363	United States Court of Appeals, First Circuit	United States	17 Dec 1986	WorldLII		3
New York State Nat'l Org for Women v Terry	886 F2d 1339; 14 Fed RServ3d 922	United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit	United States	20 Sep 1989	WorldLII		55
Newport News Shipbuilding & Dry Dock Co v EEOC	462 US 669; 77 L Ed 2d 89; 103 SCt 2622	United States Supreme Court	United States	20 Jun 1983	WorldLII		64
Nguyen v INS	533 US 53; 150 L Ed 2d 115; 121 SCt 2053	United States Supreme Court	United States	11 Jun 2001	WorldLII		17
Nicholson v Georgia Department of Human Resources G R Dhr a Dhr Dhr Dhr	918 F2d 145; 55 Empl Prac Dec P 40,401; 54 Fair Empl Prac Cas 737	United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit	United States	8 Jan 1991	WorldLII		14
Nitisha v Union of India	[2021] INSC 271	Supreme Court of India	India	25 Mar 2021	LIIofIndia
Novotny v Great American Federal Savings & Loan Association	584 F2d 1235; 17 Fair Empl Prac Cas 1252	United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit	United States	7 Aug 1978	WorldLII		41
Ogden v United States	758 F2d 1168	United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit	United States	29 Mar 1985	WorldLII		10
Olagues v Russoniello	770 F2d 791	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	3 Sep 1985	WorldLII		8
Olagues v Russoniello	797 F2d 1511	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	26 Aug 1986	WorldLII		8
Orr v Orr	440 US 268; 59 L Ed 2d 306; 99 SCt 1102	United States Supreme Court	United States	5 Mar 1979	WorldLII		86
Padula v Webster Fbi	822 F2d 97; 43 Empl Prac Dec P 37,174; 261 USApp DC 365; 44 Fair Empl Prac Cas 174; 56 USLW 2042	United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit	United States - District of Columbia	26 Jun 1987	WorldLII		34
Parham v Hughes	441 US 347; 60 L Ed 2d 269; 99 SCt 1742	United States Supreme Court	United States	24 Apr 1979	WorldLII		38
Personnel Administrator of Massachusetts v Feeney	442 US 256; 60 L Ed 2d 870; 99 SCt 2282	United States Supreme Court	United States	5 Jun 1979	WorldLII		343
Philips v Perry	106 F3d 1420	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	18 Apr 1997	WorldLII		7
Pinnacle Nursing Home v Axelrod	928 F2d 1306	United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit	United States	25 Mar 1991	WorldLII		18
Pitts v Thornburgh	866 F2d 1450; 275 USApp DC 332	United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit	United States - District of Columbia	31 Jan 1989	WorldLII		15
Ponder v United States	117 F3d 549	United States Court of Appeals, Federal Circuit	United States	4 Sep 1997	WorldLII		5
Quiban v Veterans Administration a Quizon	928 F2d 1154; 289 USApp DC 62	United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit	United States - District of Columbia	18 Jul 1991	WorldLII		4
Regents of the University of California v Bakke	438 US 265; 57 L Ed 2d 750; 98 SCt 2733	United States Supreme Court	United States	28 Jun 1978	WorldLII		385
Republic of Fiji Military Forces v Qicatabua	[2008] FJCA 119	Court of Appeal of Fiji	Fiji	12 Sep 2008	PacLII		1
Republic of Fiji Military Forces v Qicatabua	[2008] FJCA 52	Court of Appeal of Fiji	Fiji	12 Sep 2008	PacLII		1
Republic of Palau v Carreon	[2012] PWSC 5	Supreme Court of Palau	Palau	30 Mar 2012	PacLII
Roberts v United States Jaycees	468 US 609; 82 L Ed 2d 462; 104 SCt 3244	United States Supreme Court	United States	3 Jul 1984	WorldLII		238
Rodriguez v Secretary of Health Education & Welfare	644 F2d 918	United States Court of Appeals, First Circuit	United States	30 Mar 1981	WorldLII		1
Rostker v Goldberg	453 US 57; 69 L Ed 2d 478; 101 SCt 2646	United States Supreme Court	United States	25 Jun 1981	WorldLII		118
Satty v Nashville Gas Co	522 F2d 850; 10 Empl Prac Dec P 10,359; 11 Fair Empl Prac Cas 1	United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit	United States	8 Aug 1975	WorldLII		23
Schlesinger v Ballard	419 US 498; 42 L Ed 2d 610; 95 SCt 572	United States Supreme Court	United States	3 Mar 1975	WorldLII		78
Schweiker v Wilson	450 US 221; 67 L Ed 2d 186; 101 SCt 1074	United States Supreme Court	United States	4 Mar 1981	WorldLII		136
Shirley v Chagrin Falls Exempted Village Schools Board of Education	521 F2d 1329; 10 Empl Prac Dec P 10,390; 11 Fair Empl Prac Cas 549	United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit	United States	16 Sep 1975	WorldLII		5
Siniya Molcs Aged 24 v Kseb Rep by the Secretary - WP(C)	[2007] INKLHC 1747	High Court of Kerala	India - Kerala	22 Jan 2007	LIIofIndia
Smith v Troyan a Smith	520 F2d 492; 10 Empl Prac Dec P 10,263; 10 Fair Empl Prac Cas 1380	United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit	United States	3 Jul 1975	WorldLII		11
Speigner v Alexander	248 F3d 1292	United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit	United States	24 Apr 2001	WorldLII		4
Spinkellink v Wainwright	578 F2d 582	United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit	United States	21 Aug 1978	WorldLII		91
St Ann v Palisi	495 F2d 423	United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit	United States	24 Jul 1974	WorldLII		5
Stanton v Stanton	421 US 7; 43 L Ed 2d 688; 95 SCt 1373	United States Supreme Court	United States	15 Apr 1975	WorldLII		66
Steele v FCC	770 F2d 1192; 54 USLW 2145; 248 USApp DC 279	United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit	United States - District of Columbia	31 Oct 1985	WorldLII		5
Steffan v Aspin	8 F3d 57	United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit	United States	7 Jan 1994	WorldLII		2
Stewart v J Blackwell	444 F3d 843	United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit	United States	21 Apr 2006	WorldLII		2
Street and Fifth Avenue Corporation	530 F2d 66	United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit	United States	19 May 1976	WorldLII		25
Stroud v Delta Air Lines Inc	544 F2d 892; 14 Fair Empl Prac Cas 206	United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit	United States	3 Jan 1977	WorldLII		10
Tanner v Weinberger	525 F2d 51	United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit	United States	31 Oct 1975	WorldLII
Taylor v Lavine M Hurley	497 F2d 1208	United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit	United States	14 May 1974	WorldLII		4
Trerice v L Summons Trerice	755 F2d 1081	United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit	United States	22 Feb 1985	WorldLII		7
Tucson Woman's Clinic Md	379 F3d 531	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	23 Aug 2004	WorldLII		7
Turner v W Weinberger	728 F2d 751	United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit	United States	2 Apr 1984	WorldLII
Tyler v E Vickery Banks	517 F2d 1089; 10 Empl Prac Dec P 10,388; 30 ALRFed 907; 11 Fair Empl Prac Cas 972	United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit	United States	20 Aug 1975	WorldLII		28
United States Department of Agriculture v Moreno	413 US 528; 37 L Ed 2d 782; 93 SCt 2821	United States Supreme Court	United States	25 Jun 1973	WorldLII		141
United States v American Future Systems Inc M	743 F2d 169	United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit	United States	10 Oct 1984	WorldLII		2
United States v Antelope	523 F2d 400	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	4 Sep 1975	WorldLII		7
United States v Baechler	509 F2d 13	United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit	United States	27 May 1975	WorldLII		2
United States v Bowen	500 F2d 960	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	9 May 1974	WorldLII		41
United States v City of Miami	614 F2d 1322; 22 Empl Prac Dec P 30,822; 22 Fair Empl Prac Cas 846	United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit	United States	10 Apr 1980	WorldLII		55
United States v County of Humboldt	628 F2d 549	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	24 Sep 1980	WorldLII		24
United States v De Gross	960 F2d 1433; 60 USLW 2639	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	2 Apr 1992	WorldLII		31
United States v Garrett	521 F2d 444	United States Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit	United States	23 Jul 1975	WorldLII		6
United States v Gross	913 F2d 1417; 59 USLW 2204	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	10 Sep 1990	WorldLII		11
United States v Harris	537 F2d 563	United States Court of Appeals, First Circuit	United States	25 Jun 1976	WorldLII		2
United States v Harrison	524 F2d 421; 173 USApp DC 260	United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit	United States - District of Columbia	8 Dec 1975	WorldLII		40
United States v Hicks	625 F2d 216	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	15 Aug 1980	WorldLII		6
United States v I Cohen	733 F2d 128; 236 USApp DC 36	United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit	United States - District of Columbia	4 May 1984	WorldLII		11
United States v Maples	501 F2d 985	United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit	United States	7 Aug 1974	WorldLII		11
United States v Stanley	483 US 669; 97 L Ed 2d 550; 107 SCt 3054	United States Supreme Court	United States	25 Jun 1987	WorldLII		113
United States v Virginia	518 US 515; 135 L Ed 2d 735; 116 SCt 2264	United States Supreme Court	United States	3 Jul 1996	WorldLII		123
United States v W Watson	483 F3d 828	United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit	United States	13 Apr 2007	WorldLII		1
Vance v Bradley	440 US 93; 59 L Ed 2d 171; 99 SCt 939	United States Supreme Court	United States	22 Feb 1979	WorldLII		258
Vlandis v Kline	412 US 441; 37 L Ed 2d 63; 93 SCt 2230; 37 L Ed 63	United States Supreme Court	United States	11 Jun 1973	WorldLII		118
Vorchheimer v School District of Philadelphia W	532 F2d 880	United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit	United States	16 Mar 1976	WorldLII		7
Walden v Bartlett	840 F2d 771	United States Court of Appeals, Tenth Circuit	United States	1 Mar 1988	WorldLII		20
Waldie v R Schlesinger Edwards	509 F2d 508; 166 USApp DC 175	United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit	United States - District of Columbia	29 Jan 1975	WorldLII		3
Walker v Jones	733 F2d 923; 236 USApp DC 92; 34 Empl Prac Dec P 34,427; 34 Fair Empl Prac Cas 1097	United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit	United States - District of Columbia	1 May 1984	WorldLII		16
Watkins v United States Army	721 F2d 687; 37 Empl Prac Dec P 35,276; 37 Fair Empl Prac Cas 594	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	9 Dec 1983	WorldLII		7
Watkins v United States Army	837 F2d 1428; 56 USLW 2470; 45 Empl Prac Dec P 37,753; 46 Fair Empl Prac Cas 16	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	10 Feb 1988	WorldLII		5
Watson v Arkansas National Guard J S D	886 F2d 1004; 51 Empl Prac Dec P 39,332; 50 Fair Empl Prac Cas 1718	United States Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit	United States	22 Sep 1989	WorldLII		20
Wayne v Tennessee Valley Authority	730 F2d 392	United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit	United States	23 Apr 1984	WorldLII		19
Weinberger v Wiesenfeld	420 US 636; 43 L Ed 2d 514; 95 SCt 1225; 643 Gault 387	United States Supreme Court	United States - Georgia	19 Mar 1975	WorldLII		170
Weissinger v C White	733 F2d 802	United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit	United States	1 Jun 1984	WorldLII		2
Wengler v Druggists Mut Ins Co	100 SCt 1540	United States Supreme Court	United States	22 Apr 1980	WorldLII		32
White v Fleming	522 F2d 730; 10 Empl Prac Dec P 10,313; 11 Fair Empl Prac Cas 619	United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit	United States	24 Jul 1975	WorldLII		3
William Hibbs, Plaintiff-Appellant, United States of America, Intervenor, v Department of Human Resources; Charlotte Crawford; Nikki Firpo, Defendants-Appellees	273 F3d 844	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	11 Dec 2001	WorldLII		6
Women's Liberation Union of Rhode Island v J Israel	512 F2d 106	United States Court of Appeals, First Circuit	United States	4 Mar 1975	WorldLII		7
Woodward v United States	871 F2d 1068; 49 Empl Prac Dec P 38,877	United States Court of Appeals, Federal Circuit	United States	12 May 1989	WorldLII		22
Yellow Springs Exempted Village School District v Ohio High School Athletic Association	647 F2d 651	United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit	United States	28 Apr 1981	WorldLII		11
Young v United States Parole Commission	682 F2d 1105	United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit	United States	9 Aug 1982	WorldLII		8

Law Journal Articles Referring to this Case

Journal Article Title †	Citation(s)	Author	Jurisdiction	Date	Full Text		Citation Index
Future of Disability Law	(2004) 114 Yale Law Journal 1	Bagenstos, Samuel R	United States	1 Jan 2004	WorldLII		1
"Equality and Inequality - The Law's Ambivalence"	(1975-1976) 10 Melbourne University Law Review 249	Forkosch, Morris D	Australia	circa 1976	AustLII
"Evolving Objective Standards: A Developmental Approach to Constitutional Review of Morals Legislation"	(2006) 105 Michigan Law Review 151	Grostic, Christian J	United States	1 Jan 2006	WorldLII
Demosprudence Through Dissent	(2008) 122 Harvard Law Review 4	Guinier, Lani	United States	1 Jan 2008	WorldLII		1
Punishing Masculinity in Gay Asylum Claims	(2005) 114 Yale Law Journal 913	Hanna, Fadi	United States	1 Jan 2005	WorldLII		1
"Cradle to the Grave': Age Discrimination and Legislative Policy in Australia"	(1996) 3 Australian Journal of Human Rights 97	Lindsay, Katherine	Australia	circa 1996	AustLII		2
" A Common Fate of Discrimination " : Race-Gender Analogies in Legal and Historical Perspective	(2001) 110 Yale Law Journal 1045	Mayeri, Serena	United States	1 Jan 2001	WorldLII		1
Friedman's Law	(2003) 112 Yale Law Journal 925	Parrish, Michael E	United States	1 Jan 2003	WorldLII
Judicially Manageable Standards and Constitutional Meaning	119 Harvard Law Review 1274	Richard H Fallon, Jr	United States	1 Jan 2006	WorldLII		6
Equal Protection by Law: Federal Antidiscrimination Legislation < br > After < I > Morrison < /I > and < I > Kimel < /I &gt	110 Yale Law Journal 441	Robert C Post and Reva B Siegel	United States	1 Jan 2000	WorldLII		14
Legislative Constitutionalism and Section Five Power: Policentric Interpretation of the Family and Medical Leave Act	(2003) 112 Yale Law Journal 1943	Robert C Post and Reva B Siegel	United States	1 Jan 2003	WorldLII		6
"Burkean Minimalism"	105 Michigan Law Review 353	Sunstein, Cass R	United States	1 Jan 2006	WorldLII		8
From Employment to Contract: Section 1981 and Antidiscrimination Law for the Independent Contractor Workforce	(2006) 116 Yale Law Journal 170	Tarantolo, Danielle	United States	1 Jan 2006	WorldLII
Pluralism and Distrust: How Courts Can Support Democracy by Lowering the Stakes of Politics	(2005) 114 Yale Law Journal 1279	William N Eskridge Jr	United States	1 Jan 2005	WorldLII		6
"Open Chambers: High Court Associates and Supreme Court Clerks Compared"	(2007) 31 Melbourne University Law Review 646	Young, Katharine G	Australia	circa 2007	AustLII		1

Legislation Cited

Cases and Articles Cited

Case Name †	Citation(s)	Court	Jurisdiction	Date	Full Text		Citation Index
"Developments in the Law Equal Protection"	82 Harvard Law Review 1065	Harvard Law Review	United States		HeinOnline / LexisNexis		46
"Developments in the Law-Employment Discrimination and Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964,"	(1964) 84 Harvard Law Review 1109	Harvard Law Review	United States	circa 1964	HeinOnline / LexisNexis		79
"Title VII Reconsidered: The Equal Employment Opportunity Act of 1972"	(1972) 40 George Washington Law Review 824	George Washington Law Review	United States	circa 1972	HeinOnline / LexisNexis		8
(1963-1970) 39 University of Cincinnati Law Review 615	(1963-1970) 39 University of Cincinnati Law Review 615	University of Cincinnati Law Review	United States	circa 1970	HeinOnline / LexisNexis		2
Bolling v Sharpe	347 US 497; 98 L Ed 884; 74 SCt 693	United States Supreme Court	United States	17 May 1954	WorldLII		578
Bradwell v Illinois	83 US 130; 16 Wall 130; 21 L Ed 442	United States Supreme Court	United States	1 Dec 1872	WorldLII		53
Carrington v Rash	380 US 89; 13 L Ed 2d 675; 85 SCt 775	United States Supreme Court	United States	1 Mar 1965	WorldLII		126
Dandridge v Williams	397 US 471; 25 L Ed 2d 491; 25 L Ed 491; 90 SCt 1153	United States Supreme Court	United States	1 Oct 1878	WorldLII		701
District Court, Frontiero v Laird	341 FSupp 201		United States	circa 1972	Westlaw		3
Dunn v Blumstein	405 US 330; 31 L Ed 2d 274; 92 SCt 995	United States Supreme Court	United States	21 Mar 1972	WorldLII		290
Flemming v Nestor	363 US 603; 4 L Ed 2d 1345	United States Supreme Court	United States	circa 1972	Westlaw		284
Gaston County v United States	395 US 285; 23 L Ed 2d 309; 89 SCt 1720	United States Supreme Court	United States	2 Jun 1969	WorldLII		22
Graham v Richardson	403 US 365; 29 L Ed 2d 534; 91 SCt 1848; 29 L Ed 534	United States Supreme Court	United States	14 Jun 1971	WorldLII		217
Gruenwald v Gardner	390 F2d 591	United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit	United States	26 Jan 1968	WorldLII		18
Hirabayashi v United States	320 US 81; 87 L Ed 2d 1774; 87 L Ed 1774; 63 SCt 1375	United States Supreme Court	United States	21 Jun 1943	WorldLII		435
Jefferson v Hackney	406 US 535; 32 L Ed 2d 285; 92 SCt 1724	United States Supreme Court	United States	10 Oct 1972	WorldLII		112
Jones v Alfred H Mayer Co	392 US 409; 88 SCt 2186; 20 L Ed 2d 1189	United States Supreme Court	United States	17 Jun 1968	WorldLII		306
Katzenbach v Morgan	384 US 641; 16 L Ed 2d 828; 86 SCt 1717	United States Supreme Court	United States	13 Jun 1966	WorldLII		197
Korematsu v United States	323 US 214; 89 L Ed 194; 65 SCt 193; 89 L Ed 2d 194	United States Supreme Court	United States	12 Feb 1945	WorldLII		229
Kramer v Union Free School District	395 US 621; 23 L Ed 2d 583; 89 SCt 1886	United States Supreme Court	United States	16 Jun 1969	WorldLII		157
Law — Employment Discrimination and Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of	(1964) 8j Harvard Law Review 1109	Harvard Law Review	United States	circa 1964	HeinOnline / LexisNexis		1
Levy v Louisiana	391 US 68; 20 L Ed 2d 436; 88 SCt 1509	United States Supreme Court	United States	14 Oct 1968	WorldLII		65
Loving v Virginia	388 US 1; 18 L Ed 2d 1010; 87 SCt 1817; 18 L Ed 1010	United States Supreme Court	United States	12 Jun 1967	WorldLII		308
McGowan v Maryland	366 US 420; 81 SCt 1101; 6 L Ed 2d 393	United States Supreme Court	United States	29 May 1961	WorldLII		451
McLaughlin v Florida	379 US 184; 13 L Ed 2d 222; 85 SCt 283	United States Supreme Court	United States	7 Dec 1964	WorldLII		165
Moritz v Commissioner of Internal Revenue	469 F2d 466	United States Court of Appeals, Tenth Circuit	United States	22 Nov 1972	WorldLII		6
Note, Sex Discrimination and Equal Protection: Do We Need a Constitutional Amendment?	84 Harvard Law Review 1499	Harvard Law Review	United States		HeinOnline / LexisNexis		7
Oregon v Mitchell	400 US 112; 27 L Ed 2d 272; 91 SCt 260	United States Supreme Court	United States	21 Dec 1970	WorldLII		146
Oyama v California	332 US 633; 92 L Ed 249; 68 SCt 269	United States Supreme Court	United States	19 Jan 1948	WorldLII		70
Reed v Reed	93 Idaho 511; 465 P2d 635		United States - Idaho				4
Reed v Reed	404 US 71; 30 L Ed 225; 30 L Ed 2d 225; 92 SCt 251	United States Supreme Court	United States	22 Nov 1971	WorldLII		231
Reynolds v Sims	377 US 533; 12 L Ed 2d 506; 84 SCt 1362	United States Supreme Court	United States	12 Oct 1964	WorldLII		479
Richardson v Belcher	404 US 78; 30 L Ed 2d 231; 92 SCt 254	United States Supreme Court	United States	22 Nov 1971	WorldLII		136
Schneider v Rusk	377 US 163; 12 L Ed 2d 218; 84 SCt 1187	United States Supreme Court	United States	18 May 1964	WorldLII		77
Shapiro v Thompson	394 US 618; 89 SCt 1322; 22 L Ed 2d 600	United States Supreme Court	United States	21 Apr 1969	WorldLII		442
South Carolina v Katzenbach	383 US 301; 15 L Ed 2d 769; 86 SCt 803	United States Supreme Court	United States	7 Mar 1966	WorldLII		199
Stanley v Illinois	405 US 645; 31 L Ed 551; 31 L Ed 2d 551; 92 SCt 1208	United States Supreme Court	United States	3 Apr 1972	WorldLII		285
Weber v Aetna Casualty & Surety Co	406 US 164; 31 L Ed 2d 768; 92 SCt 1400	United States Supreme Court	United States	24 Apr 1972	WorldLII		102
Yick Wo v Hopkins	6 SCt 1064	United States Supreme Court	United States	10 May 1886	WorldLII		644
4 Ot 1971	4 Ot 1971		United States	circa 1971			1
6 SCt 1064	6 SCt 1064		United States	circa 1972	Westlaw		252
80 SCt 1367; 1372 4 l Ed 2d 1435	80 SCt 1367; 1372 4 L Ed 2d 1435		United States		Westlaw		213
393 US 981	393 US 981; 21 L Ed 2d 442; 89 SCt 451	United States Supreme Court	United States		Westlaw		11
393 US 982	393 US 982; 21 L Ed 2d 443; 89 SCt 454	United States Supreme Court	United States		Westlaw		30
396 US 854	396 US 854; 90 SCt 115; 24 L Ed 2d 103	United States Supreme Court	United States		Westlaw		4
409 US 840	409 US 840; 41 USLW 3158; 35 L Ed 2d 79; 93 SCt 66	United States Supreme Court	United States		Westlaw		9