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A (Children) (Conjoined Twins: Surgical Separation), Re (conjoined twins/siamese twins case)     71

Cases Referring to this Case

Case Name	Citation(s)	Court	Jurisdiction †	Date	Full Text		Citation Index
R v Anna Rowan (a pseudonym)	[2024] HCA 9; (2024) 98 ALJR 508	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	13 Mar 2024	AustLII		3
Tran v The Commonwealth	[2009] FCA 474; (2009) 108 ALD 531	Federal Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	15 May 2009	AustLII		4
Harriton v Stephens	[2006] HCA 15; (2006) 226 CLR 52; (2006) 226 ALR 391; 80 ALJR 791; [2006] Aust Torts Reports 81-843	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	9 May 2006	AustLII		94
Leichhardt Council v Geitonia Pty Ltd (No 6)	[2015] NSWLEC 51; (2015) 209 LGERA 120	Land and Environment Court of New South Wales	Australia - New South Wales	2 Apr 2015	AustLII		9
Harriton v Stephens	[2004] NSWCA 93; (2004) 59 NSWLR 694	Supreme Court of New South Wales - Court of Appeal	Australia - New South Wales	29 Apr 2004	AustLII		40
Fewstone Pty Ltd v Ross Nielson Properties Pty Ltd	[2003] QSC 82	Supreme Court of Queensland	Australia - Queensland	4 Apr 2003	AustLII		1
Queensland v Nolan	[2001] QSC 174; [2002] 1 Qd R 454; (2001) 122 A Crim R 517	Supreme Court of Queensland	Australia - Queensland	31 May 2001	AustLII		14
Illert v Northern Adelaide Local Health Network Inc (Modbury Hospital)	[2016] SASC 186	Supreme Court of South Australia	Australia - South Australia	2 Dec 2016	AustLII		1
Johnson v Western Australia	[2009] WASCA 71; (2009) 40 WAR 116; (2009) 194 A Crim R 470	Supreme Court of Western Australia - Court of Appeal	Australia - Western Australia	2 Apr 2009	AustLII		10
Minister for Health v AS	[2004] WASC 286; (2004) 29 WAR 517; (2004) 33 Fam LR 223	Supreme Court of Western Australia	Australia - Western Australia	17 Dec 2004	AustLII		25
Pretty v United Kingdom	[2002] ECHR 427; (2002) 12 BHRC 149; (2002) 35 EHRR 1	European Court of Human Rights	Europe	29 Apr 2002	BAILII		325
"Appendix 3 - List of Leading Cases of United Kingdom"	[2011] NLUDLRS 8	Editors	India	circa 2011	LIIofIndia
NHS Trust a v M; NHS Trust b v H	[2000] ICHRL 75	Interights Commonwealth Human Rights Law	International	25 Oct 2000	WorldLII
Re A (Children)	[2000] ICHRL 67	Interights Commonwealth Human Rights Law	International	22 Sep 2000	WorldLII
Police v Brorens	[2024] NZDC 22949	District Court of New Zealand	New Zealand	23 Sep 2024	NZLII
Erwood v Holmes	[2017] NZHC 1278; [2017] NZAR 971	High Court of New Zealand	New Zealand	12 Jun 2017	NZLII		20
IA v R	[2013] NZSCTrans 17		New Zealand	14 Aug 2013	NZLII
Attorney-General v Leason HC Wellington CIV-2010-485-1940	[2011] NZHC 1053	High Court of New Zealand	New Zealand	31 Aug 2011	NZLII
R v Hutchinson	[2003] NZCA 143; [2004] NZAR 303	Court of Appeal of New Zealand	New Zealand	7 Jul 2003	NZLII		15
Hse v JM	[2017] IEHC 399; [2018] 1 IR 688	High Court of Ireland	Republic of Ireland	22 Jun 2017	BAILII		4
Luavex v R	[2007] SBCA 13	Court of Appeal of Solomon Islands	Solomon Islands	18 Oct 2007	PacLII		2
Re t	[2021] UKSC 35; [2022] AC 723; [2021] 3 WLR 643	United Kingdom Supreme Court	United Kingdom	30 Jul 2021	BAILII		32
Elgizouli v Secretary of State for the Home Department	[2020] UKSC 10; [2020] 2 WLR 857	United Kingdom Supreme Court	United Kingdom	25 Mar 2020	BAILII		7
R (Nicklinson) v Ministry of Justice	[2014] UKSC 38; [2015] AC 657; [2014] 3 All ER 843; [2014] 3 WLR 200	United Kingdom Supreme Court	United Kingdom	25 Jun 2014	BAILII		76
D v East Berkshire Community Health NHS Trust	[2005] UKHL 23; [2005] 2 AC 373; [2005] 2 All ER 443; [2005] 2 WLR 993; 83 BMLR 66; [2005] Fam Law 615; [2005] 2All ER 445	House of Lords	United Kingdom	21 Apr 2005	BAILII		84
Porter v Magill	[2001] UKHL 67; [2002] 1 AC 800; [2002] 1 All ER 465; [2002] 2 WLR 37; [2001] All ER (D) 181; [2002] LGR 51; [2001] HL 63; [2002] UKHRR 97; [2002] HRLR 10; [2002] Fam Law 170; [2002] ACD 41; [2002] 2 Cr App R 1; 11 BHRC 589; (2002) 63 BMLR 1	House of Lords	United Kingdom	29 Nov 2001	BAILII		463
A (Children) (Conjoined Twins: Surgical Separation), Re (conjoined twins/siamese twins case)	[2000] EWCA Civ 254; [2001] Fam 147; [2000] 4 All ER 961; (2000) 57 BMLR 1; [2001] Fam Law 18; [2000] Lloyds Rep Med 425; [2001] UKHRR 1; [2001] 2 WLR 480; [2000] HRLR 721; (2000) 9 BHRC 261		United Kingdom	circa 2001	BAILII
Pennine Care NHS Foundation Trust v Mrs T (Rev1)	[2022] EWHC 515 (Fam)	High Court of England and Wales	United Kingdom - England and Wales	11 Feb 2022	BAILII		1
E v Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust and F v Somerset NHS Foundation Trust	[2021] EWCA Civ 1888; [2022] Fam 130	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Civil Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	14 Dec 2021	BAILII		6
Crowter , R (On the Application Of) v Secretary of State for Health And Social Care	[2021] EWHC 2536 (Admin)	High Court of England and Wales	United Kingdom - England and Wales	23 Sep 2021	BAILII		2
R v Thacker	[2021] EWCA Crim 97; [2021] QB 644	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	29 Jan 2021	BAILII		3
Cardiff and Vale University Health Board v T (A Minor)	[2019] EWHC 1671 (Fam)	High Court of England and Wales	United Kingdom - England and Wales	21 Jun 2019	BAILII		3
Conway v Secretary of State for Justice	[2018] EWCA Civ 1431; [2018] 2 WLR 925	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Civil Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	27 Jun 2018	BAILII		4
An NHS Trust v Child B and Mr & Mrs B	[2014] EWHC 3486 (Fam)	High Court of England and Wales	United Kingdom - England and Wales	1 Aug 2014	BAILII		2
R (Nicklinson & Lamb) v Ministry of Justice	[2013] EWCA Civ 961; [2014] 2 All ER 32	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Civil Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	31 Jul 2013	BAILII		3
Re G	[2012] EWCA Civ 1233	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Civil Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	4 Oct 2012	BAILII		51
Nicklinson v DPP	[2012] EWHC 2381 (Admin)	High Court of England and Wales	United Kingdom - England and Wales	16 Aug 2012	BAILII		3
Nicklinson v Ministry of Justice	[2012] EWHC 304 (QB)	High Court of England and Wales	United Kingdom - England and Wales	12 Mar 2012	BAILII		2
Hampshire County Council v E	[2007] EWHC 2584 (Admin)	High Court of England and Wales	United Kingdom - England and Wales	16 Oct 2007	BAILII		1
Bennett v HM Coroner for Inner South London	[2006] EWHC 196 (Admin)	High Court of England and Wales	United Kingdom - England and Wales	3 Feb 2006	BAILII		5
Mainstream Properties Ltd v Young	[2005] EWCA Civ 861; [2005] IRLR 964	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Civil Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	13 Jul 2005	BAILII		15
Smeaton v Secretary of State for Health	[2002] EWHC 610 (Admin)	High Court of England and Wales	United Kingdom - England and Wales	18 Apr 2002	BAILII		12
City Alliance Ltd v Oxford Forecasting Services Ltd	[2001] EWHC Admin 888; [2001] 1 All ER 233	High Court of England and Wales	United Kingdom - England and Wales	16 Nov 2001	BAILII		3
Re An Application For Judicial Review	[2005] NIQB 17	High Court of Justice in Northern Ireland - Queens Bench	United Kingdom - Northern Ireland	9 Mar 2005	BAILII
Family Planning Association of Northern Ireland v Minister for Health, Social Services and Public Safety	[2004] NICA 39; [2005] NI 188	Court of Appeal in Northern Ireland	United Kingdom - Northern Ireland	8 Oct 2004	BAILII		10

Law Reform Reports Referring to this Case

Journal Article Title	Citation(s)	Author	Jurisdiction †	Date	Full Text		Citation Index
- Young people and consent to health care	[2008] NSWLRC 119	New South Wales Law Reform Commission	Australia - New South Wales	circa 2008	AustLII
- Project 97 - A review of the law of homicide	[2007] WALRC 100	Western Australian Law Reform Commission	Australia - Western Australia	circa 2007	AustLII
- Project 97 - A review of the law of homicide - Final Report	[2007] WALRC 1	Western Australian Law Reform Commission	Australia - Western Australia	circa 2007	AustLII
- Defences in Criminal Law (95-2009) (Report)	[2009] IELRC 95	Irish Law Reform Commission	Republic of Ireland	circa 2009	BAILII
- Duress And Necessity (Consultation Paper) (LRC CP 39-2006)	[2006] IELRC CP39	Irish Law Reform Commission	Republic of Ireland	circa 2006	BAILII
- Misconduct in public office	[2020] EWLC 397	Law Commission	United Kingdom	circa 2020	BAILII
- Modernising Communications Offences A final report	[2020] EWLC 399	Law Commission	United Kingdom	circa 2020	BAILII
A New Homicide Act for England and Wales? ” (Consultation Paper)	[2005] EWLC 177	Law Commission	United Kingdom	20 Dec 2005	BAILII		1
- Mental Element in Homicide (Discussion Paper)	[2021] SLC 172	Scottish Law Commission	United Kingdom - Scotland	circa 2021	BAILII

Law Journal Articles Referring to this Case

Journal Article Title	Citation(s)	Author	Jurisdiction †	Date	Full Text		Citation Index
"Abortion Law in New South Wales: The Problem with Necessity"	(2018) 44 Monash University Law Review 32	Rankin, Mark J	Australia	circa 2018	AustLII
"Killing to Survive: The Walking Dead, Police Slayings and Medieval Malice"	[2017] UTSLRS 20	Crofts, Penny	Australia	circa 2017	AustLII
"Children, Medical Treatment and Religion: Defining the Limits of Parental Responsibility"	(2008) 14 Australian Journal of Human Rights 141	Humphrey, Thomas	Australia	circa 2008	AustLII
"Religious Beliefs and Medical Treatment: The Challenge to Patient Consent"	(2007) 19 Bond Law Review 25	Blake, Meredith	Australia	circa 2007	AustLII
"Criminal Law: Problems in Context"	(2007) 26 University of Queensland Law Journal 213	Findlay, Mark	Australia	circa 2007	AustLII
"Harriton v Stephens; Waller v James: Wrongful Life and the Logic of Non-Existence"	(2006) 30 Melbourne University Law Review 972	Stretton, Dean	Australia	circa 2006	AustLII		2
"Conjunctions and Disjunctions"	(2006) 1 Macquarie Law Symposium 51	Loane Skene	Australia	circa 2006	AustLII
"Is the Born Alive Rule Outdated and Indefensible"	(2006) 28 Sydney Law Review 625	Savell, Kristin	Australia	circa 2006	AustLII		1
"Being Ms B: B, Autonomy and the Nature of Legal Regulation"	(2004) 26 Sydney Law Review 107	Morgan, Derek; Veitch, Kenneth	Australia	circa 2004	AustLII		2
"Can law keep up with technological change in medicine?"	(2004) 13 (3) Polemic 23	Ngo, Kelly	Australia	circa 2004	AustLII
"The Victorian Criminal Code"	(2004) 23 University of Queensland Law Journal 170	Taylor, Greg	Australia	circa 2004	AustLII		3
"Reflections on Necessity as a Justification for Torture"	(2004) 11 James Cook University Law Review 21	Fairall, Paul Ames	Australia	circa 2004	AustLII		1
"New Crimes or New Responses: Future Directions in Australian Criminal Law"	(2002) 28 Monash University Law Review 103	Fox, Richard G	Australia	circa 2002	AustLII		4
"Law, human life and ethical dilemmas"	(2000) 12 (2) Bond Law Review 129	Kirby, Michael	Australia	circa 2000	AustLII
"Public Interest and Public Policy: unruly horses alike? (Speech delivered at the 2002 Biennial Conference of the International Institute for Public Ethics, Sheraton Hotel, Brisbane, 7 October 2002)" (QSC)	[2002] QldJSchol 53	De Jersey, The Honourable Chief Justice Paul AC	Australia - Queensland	circa 2002	AustLII
"Doctors Liability for Homicide under the WA Criminal Code: Defining the Role of Defences"	(2011) 35 (2) University of Western Australia Law Review 287	Blake, Meredith	Australia - Western Australia	circa 2011	AustLII
"Appendix 3 - List of Leading Cases of United Kingdom"	[2011] NLUDLRS 8	Editors	India	circa 2011	LIIofIndia
Beginning and End of the Life Cycle	(2005) 32 Journal of Malaysian and Comparative Law 99	Dame Elizabeth Butler-Sloss GBE	Malaysia	circa 2005	CommonLII
Duress as a Criminal Defence in Solomon Islands	(2007) 11 (2) Journal of South Pacific Law 194	Journal of South Pacific Law		circa 2007	PacLII

Legislation Cited

Cases and Articles Cited

Case Name	Citation(s)	Court	Jurisdiction †	Date	Full Text		Citation Index
"Restoring Moral and Intellectual Shape to the Law After Bland"	(1997) 113 Law Quarterly Review 481	Law Quarterly Review	United Kingdom	circa 1997	Westlaw		4
R v Hurst	[1995] 1 Cr App R 82		United Kingdom	circa 1995	LexisNexis		12
R v Kingston	[1994] UKHL 9; [1995] 2 AC 355; [1994] 3 All ER 353; [1994] 3 WLR 519	House of Lords	United Kingdom	21 Jul 1994	BAILII		10
Birmingham City Council v H (a minor)	[1993] UKHL 9; [1994] 2 AC 212; [1994] 1 All ER 12; [1994] 2 WLR 31	House of Lords	United Kingdom	16 Dec 1993	BAILII		11
Airedale Hospital Trustees v Bland	[1992] UKHL 5; [1993] AC 789; [1993] 1 All ER 821; [1993] 2 WLR 316	House of Lords	United Kingdom	4 Feb 1993	BAILII		262
"Bland: Crossing the Rubicon?"	(1993) 109 Law Quarterly Review 329	Law Quarterly Review	United Kingdom	circa 1993	Westlaw		6
Withdrawal of Artificial Hydration and Nutrition: Incompetent Adult	(1993) 2 Medical Law Review 359	Medical Law Review	United Kingdom	circa 1993	HeinOnline / Westlaw		2
R v Gotts	[1992] 2 AC 412; [1992] 1 All ER 832; [1992] 2 WLR 284; (1992) 94 Cr App R 312		United Kingdom	circa 1992	LexisNexis / Westlaw		22
R v Cox	(1992) 12 BMLR 38		United Kingdom	circa 1992	LexisNexis		8
Rance v Mid-Downs Health Authority	[1991] 1 QB 587		United Kingdom	circa 1991	LexisNexis / Westlaw		12
J (a minor) (Wardship: Medical Treatment), In re	[1991] Fam 33; [1990] 3 All ER 930; [1991] 2 WLR 140		United Kingdom	circa 1991	LexisNexis		111
R (a minor), In re (wardship: consent to treatment)	[1992] Fam 11; [1991] 4 All ER 177; [1991] 3 WLR 592		United Kingdom	circa 1991	LexisNexis		45
F (Mental Patient: Sterilisation), In re	[1991] UKHL 1; [1990] 2 AC 1	House of Lords	United Kingdom	17 Jul 1990	BAILII		247
G; In re C (A Minor) (Wardship: Medical Treatment)	[1990] Fam 26		United Kingdom	circa 1990			4
K D (a minor) (ward: termination of access), Re	[1988] AC 806; [1988] 1 All ER 577; [1988] 2 WLR 398		United Kingdom	circa 1988	LexisNexis / Westlaw		106
Re B (A Minor) (Wardship: Sterilisation)	[1988] AC 199; [1987] 2 All ER 206		United Kingdom	circa 1988	LexisNexis / Westlaw		43
R v Howe; R v Bannister; R v Burke; R v Clarkson	[1986] UKHL 4; [1987] AC 417; [1987] 1 All ER 771; [1987] 2 WLR 568; (1987) 85 Cr App R 32	House of Lords	United Kingdom	19 Feb 1986	BAILII		106
R v Willer	(1986) 83 Cr App R 225		United Kingdom	circa 1986	LexisNexis		21
Gillick v West Norfolk Area Health Authority	[1986] AC 12		United Kingdom	circa 1986	LexisNexis / Westlaw		4
Gillick v West Norfolk and Wisbech Area Health Authority	[1985] UKHL 7; [1986] AC 112; [1985] 3 All ER 402; [1985] 3 WLR 830	House of Lords	United Kingdom	17 Oct 1985	BAILII		508
Sidaway v Board of Governors of the Bethlem Royal Hospital & Maudsley Hospital Board	[1985] UKHL 1; [1985] AC 871; [1985] 1 All ER 643; [1985] 2 WLR 480; (1985) 82 LSG 1256	House of Lords	United Kingdom	21 Feb 1985	BAILII		284
[1985] Crim LR 705	[1985] Crim LR 705		United Kingdom	circa 1985	Westlaw		4
[1982] Crim LR 17	[1982] Crim LR 17		United Kingdom	circa 1982	Westlaw		4
Re B (A Minor) (Wardship: Medical Treatment)	[1981] 1 WLR 1421		United Kingdom	circa 1981	LexisNexis / Westlaw		34
In Re B (A Minor) (Wardship: Medical Treatment)	[1981] 1 WLR 1424		United Kingdom	circa 1981	LexisNexis / Westlaw		5
[1978] Crim LR 12	[1978] Crim LR 12		United Kingdom	circa 1978	Westlaw		2
[1978] Crim LR 141	[1978] Crim LR 141		United Kingdom	circa 1978	Westlaw		2
Abbott v R	[1977] AC 755; [1976] 3 All ER 140; 63 Cr App R 241		United Kingdom	circa 1977	LexisNexis / Westlaw		25
DPP for Northern Ireland v Lynch	[1975] UKHL 5; [1975] AC 653; [1975] 1 All ER 913; (1975) 61 Cr App R 6; [1975] 2 WLR 641	House of Lords	United Kingdom	12 Mar 1975	BAILII		147
Hyam v DPP	[1974] UKHL 2; [1975] AC 55; [1974] WLR 607	House of Lords	United Kingdom	21 Mar 1974	BAILII		88
S v S	[1972] AC 24		United Kingdom	circa 1972	LexisNexis / Westlaw		92
Southwark LBC v Williams	[1971] Ch 734; [1971] 2 All ER 175; [1971] 2 WLR 467	Court of Chancery	United Kingdom	circa 1971	LexisNexis / Westlaw		59
Palmer v Simmonds	[1970] UKPC 2; [1971] AC 814; [1971] 1 All ER 1077; (1971) 55 Cr App R 223; [1971] 2 WLR 831; (1971) 16 WIR 499	Privy Council	United Kingdom	14 Jan 1970	BAILII		237
J v C	[1969] UKHL 4; [1970] AC 668; [1969] 1 All ER 788; [1969] 2 WLR 540; [1969] FLRRep 360	House of Lords	United Kingdom	19 Feb 1969	BAILII		187
DPP v Smith	[1961] AC 290; [1960] 3 All ER 161; [1960] 3 WLR 546		United Kingdom	circa 1961	LexisNexis / Westlaw		172
R v Kitson	(1955) 39 Cr App R 66		United Kingdom	circa 1955	LexisNexis		6
R v Bourne	[1939] 1 KB 687; [1938] 3 All ER 615		United Kingdom	circa 1939	LexisNexis / Westlaw		49
R v Gibbins and Proctor	(1918) 13 Cr App R 134		United Kingdom	circa 1918	LexisNexis		42
Oakey v Jackson	[1913] UKLawRpKQB 198; (1914) 1 KB 216		United Kingdom	20 Nov 1913	CommonLII		3
R v Gyngall	[1893] UKLawRpKQB 95; [1893] 2 QB 232; 9 TLR 471; 62 LJQB 559; 69 LT 481		United Kingdom	30 May 1893	CommonLII		81
R v Instan	[1893] UKLawRpKQB 28; [1893] 1 QB 450; [1891-1894] All ER 1213		United Kingdom	7 Feb 1893	CommonLII		22
R v Dudley and Stephens	(1884) 14 QBD 273	Queen's Bench	United Kingdom	circa 1884	LexisNexis / Westlaw		108
Rex v Ann Poulton	[1832] EngR 613; 172 ER 997; (1832) 5 C & P 329		United Kingdom	circa 1832	CommonLII		5
R v Stratton	21 St Tr 1224		United Kingdom	circa 1985			2
Pennine Care NHS Foundation Trust v Mrs T (Rev1)	[2022] EWHC 515 (Fam)	High Court of England and Wales	United Kingdom - England and Wales	11 Feb 2022	BAILII		1
E v Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust and F v Somerset NHS Foundation Trust	[2021] EWCA Civ 1888; [2022] Fam 130	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Civil Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	14 Dec 2021	BAILII		6
Crowter , R (On the Application Of) v Secretary of State for Health And Social Care	[2021] EWHC 2536 (Admin)	High Court of England and Wales	United Kingdom - England and Wales	23 Sep 2021	BAILII		2
R v Thacker	[2021] EWCA Crim 97; [2021] QB 644	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	29 Jan 2021	BAILII		3
Cardiff and Vale University Health Board v T (A Minor)	[2019] EWHC 1671 (Fam)	High Court of England and Wales	United Kingdom - England and Wales	21 Jun 2019	BAILII		3
Conway v Secretary of State for Justice	[2018] EWCA Civ 1431; [2018] 2 WLR 925	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Civil Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	27 Jun 2018	BAILII		4
An NHS Trust v Child B and Mr & Mrs B	[2014] EWHC 3486 (Fam)	High Court of England and Wales	United Kingdom - England and Wales	1 Aug 2014	BAILII		2
R (Nicklinson & Lamb) v Ministry of Justice	[2013] EWCA Civ 961; [2014] 2 All ER 32	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Civil Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	31 Jul 2013	BAILII		3
Re G	[2012] EWCA Civ 1233	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Civil Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	4 Oct 2012	BAILII		51
Nicklinson v DPP	[2012] EWHC 2381 (Admin)	High Court of England and Wales	United Kingdom - England and Wales	16 Aug 2012	BAILII		3
Nicklinson v Ministry of Justice	[2012] EWHC 304 (QB)	High Court of England and Wales	United Kingdom - England and Wales	12 Mar 2012	BAILII		2
Hampshire County Council v E	[2007] EWHC 2584 (Admin)	High Court of England and Wales	United Kingdom - England and Wales	16 Oct 2007	BAILII		1
Bennett v HM Coroner for Inner South London	[2006] EWHC 196 (Admin)	High Court of England and Wales	United Kingdom - England and Wales	3 Feb 2006	BAILII		5
Mainstream Properties Ltd v Young	[2005] EWCA Civ 861; [2005] IRLR 964	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Civil Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	13 Jul 2005	BAILII		15
Smeaton v Secretary of State for Health	[2002] EWHC 610 (Admin)	High Court of England and Wales	United Kingdom - England and Wales	18 Apr 2002	BAILII		12
City Alliance Ltd v Oxford Forecasting Services Ltd	[2001] EWHC Admin 888; [2001] 1 All ER 233	High Court of England and Wales	United Kingdom - England and Wales	16 Nov 2001	BAILII		3
R v Abdul-Hussain	[1998] EWCA Crim 3528; [1999] Crim LR 570	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	17 Dec 1998	BAILII		23
St George's Healthcare NHS Trust v S	[1998] EWCA Civ 1349; [1999] Fam 26	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Civil Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	30 Jul 1998	BAILII		40
In re T (A Minor) (Wardship: Medical Treatment)	[1996] EWCA Civ 805; [1997] 1 All ER 906; [1997] 1 WLR 242; (1997) 35 BMLR 63; (1997) 8 Med LR 166	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Civil Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	24 Oct 1996	BAILII		21
R v Pommell	[1995] EWCA Crim 7; [1995] Times 22; [1995] 2 Cr App R 607	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	16 May 1995	BAILII		20
T, In re (adult refusal of medical treatment)	[1992] EWCA Civ 18; [1993] Fam 95; [1992] 4 All ER 649; [1993] Fam Law 27; [1992] 3 WLR 782; [1992] 3 Med LR 306	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Civil Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	30 Jul 1992	BAILII		132
R v Martin	[1988] EWCA Crim 2; [1989] 1 All ER 652; (1988) 88 Cr App R 343; (1988) 153 JP 231; [1989] Crim LR 284; [1989] RTR 63	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	29 Nov 1988	BAILII		43
R v Conway	[1988] EWCA Crim 1; [1989] QB 290; [1988] 3 All ER 1025; (1988) 88 Cr App R 159; [1988] 3 WLR 1238	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	28 Jul 1988	BAILII		31
R v Hudson	[1971] EWCA Crim 2; [1971] 2 QB 202; [1971] 2 All ER 244; (1971) 56 Cr App R 1; [1971] 2 WLR 1047; 135 JP 403	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	17 Mar 1971	BAILII		45
Re An Application For Judicial Review	[2005] NIQB 17	High Court of Justice in Northern Ireland - Queens Bench	United Kingdom - Northern Ireland	9 Mar 2005	BAILII
Family Planning Association of Northern Ireland v Minister for Health, Social Services and Public Safety	[2004] NICA 39; [2005] NI 188	Court of Appeal in Northern Ireland	United Kingdom - Northern Ireland	8 Oct 2004	BAILII		10
- Mental Element in Homicide (Discussion Paper)	[2021] SLC 172	Scottish Law Commission	United Kingdom - Scotland	circa 2021	BAILII
Cruzan v Director, Missouri Department of Health	497 US 261; 111 L Ed 2d 224; 110 SCt 2841	United States Supreme Court	United States	25 Jun 1990	WorldLII		138
47 Southern California Law Review 1264	47 Southern California Law Review 1264	Southern California Law Review	United States	circa 2004	HeinOnline / LexisNexis		2
Schloendorff v Society of New York Hospital	105 NE 92; 211 NY 125; 52 LRANS 505		United States - New York	circa 2004			88
[1993] Ir 20	[1993] IR 20			circa 1993			2
Morgentaler v R	[1976] 1 SCR 616			circa 1976			18
Re O'Hara	[1900] 2 IR 232			circa 1900			34
Duress as a Criminal Defence in Solomon Islands	(2007) 11 (2) Journal of South Pacific Law 194	Journal of South Pacific Law		circa 2007	PacLII