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What Kind of Immunity? Federal Officers, State Criminal Law, and the Supremacy Clause   flag 

[2003] YaleLawJl 55
Seth P Waxman and Trevor W Morrison
Yale Law Journal
United States
1st January, 2003

Legislation Cited

Legislation Name Provision
Judiciary Act (Cth)

Cases and Articles Cited

Case Name Citation(s) Court Jurisdiction Date †  Full Text Citation Index
Federal Maritime Commission v South Carolina State Ports Authority 535 US 743; 122 SCt 1864; 152 L Ed 2d 962 United States Supreme Court United States 28 May 2002 WorldLII flag 41
"After September 11: Rethinking Public Health Federalism" (2002) 30 Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics 201 Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics United States circa 2002 flag 1
"Our Democratic Constitution" (2002) 77 New York University Law Review 245 New York University Law Review United States circa 2002 HeinOnline / LexisNexis flag 2
"Federalism, Law Enforcement, and the Supremacy Clause: The Strange Case of Ruby Ridge" (2002) 51 University of Kansas Law Review 141 University of Kansas Law Review United States circa 2002 HeinOnline / Westlaw flag 1
Sprewell v Golden State Warriors 266 F3d 979 United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit United States 28 Dec 2001 WorldLII flag 16
Idaho v Horiuchi 253 F3d 359 United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit United States 5 Jun 2001 WorldLII flag 3
United States v. Oakland Cannabis Buyers’ Cooperative 532 US 483; 149 L Ed 2d 722; 121 SCt 1711 United States Supreme Court United States 14 May 2001 WorldLII flag 37
Rogers v Tennessee 532 US 451; 149 L Ed 2d 697; 121 SCt 1693 United States Supreme Court United States 14 May 2001 WorldLII flag 67
Board of Trustees of the University of Alabama v Garrett 531 US 356; 121 SCt 955; 148 L Ed 2d 866 United States Supreme Court United States 21 Feb 2001 WorldLII flag 199
Buckman Co v Plaintiffs' Legal Comm 531 US 341; 148 L Ed 2d 854; 121 SCt 1012; 121 SCt 1013 United States Supreme Court United States 21 Feb 2001 WorldLII flag 25
Solid Waste Agency of Northern Cook County v United States Army Corps of Engineers 531 US 159; 148 L Ed 2d 576; 121 SCt 675 United States Supreme Court United States 9 Jan 2001 WorldLII flag 61
Categorical Federalism: Jurisdiction, Gender, and the Globe (2001) 111 Yale Law Journal 619 Yale Law Journal United States 1 Jan 2001 WorldLII flag 5
Crosby v Nat'l Foreign Trade Council 530 US 363; 147 L Ed 2d 352; 120 SCt 2288 United States Supreme Court United States 19 Jun 2000 WorldLII flag 37
IDAHO, Plaintiff-Appellant, v LON T HORIUCHI, Defendant-Appellee 215 F3d 986 United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit United States 14 Jun 2000 WorldLII flag 3
Geier v American Honda Motor Co 529 US 861; 146 L Ed 2d 914; 120 SCt 1913 United States Supreme Court United States 22 May 2000 WorldLII flag 56
United States v Morrison 529 US 598; 146 L Ed 2d 658; 120 SCt 1740 United States Supreme Court United States 15 May 2000 WorldLII flag 309
United States v Locke 529 US 89; 146 L Ed 2d 69; 120 SCt 1135 United States Supreme Court United States 6 Mar 2000 WorldLII flag 31
Reno v Condon 528 US 141; 145 L Ed 2d 587; 120 SCt 666 United States Supreme Court United States 12 Jan 2000 WorldLII flag 28
Kimel v Florida Bd of Regents 528 US 62; 145 L Ed 2d 522; 120 SCt 631 United States Supreme Court United States 11 Jan 2000 WorldLII flag 175
"The Uniqueness of Federal Prosecutors" (2000) 88 Georgetown Law Journal 207 Georgetown Law Journal United States circa 2000 HeinOnline / LexisNexis flag 1
Equal Protection by Law: Federal Antidiscrimination Legislation < br > After < I > Morrison < /I > and < I > Kimel < /I &gt 110 Yale Law Journal 441 Yale Law Journal United States 1 Jan 2000 WorldLII flag 14
Alden v Maine 527 US 706; 144 L Ed 2d 636; 119 SCt 2240; 715 A2d 172 United States Supreme Court United States 23 Jun 1999 WorldLII flag 171
Florida Prepaid Postsecondary Education Expense Board v College Savings Bank 527 US 627; 144 L Ed 2d 575; 119 SCt 2199; 51 USPQ2d 1081 United States Supreme Court United States 23 Jun 1999 WorldLII flag 112
Jefferson County v Acker 527 US 423; 144 L Ed 2d 408; 119 SCt 2069 United States Supreme Court United States 21 Jun 1999 WorldLII flag 13
State Sovereign Immunity and the Future of Federalism [1999] Supreme Court Review 1 Supreme Court Review United States circa 1999 flag 2
County of Sacramento v Lewis 523 US 833; 140 L Ed 2d 1043; 118 SCt 1708 United States Supreme Court United States 26 May 1998 WorldLII flag 395
"Federalism and the Uses and Limits of Law: Printz and Principle" (1998) 111 Harvard Law Review 2180 Harvard Law Review United States circa 1998 HeinOnline / LexisNexis flag 13
Matthew D Adler & Seth F Kreimer, The New Etiquette of Federalism: New York, Printz, and Yeskey [1998] Supreme Court Review 71 Supreme Court Review United States circa 1998 flag 4
Harris v Roderick 126 F3d 1189 United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit United States 25 Sep 1997 WorldLII flag 20
Printz v United States 521 US 898; 138 L Ed 2d 914; 117 SCt 2365 United States Supreme Court United States 27 Jun 1997 WorldLII flag 176
City of Boerne v Flores 521 US 507; 138 L Ed 2d 624; 117 SCt 2157 United States Supreme Court United States 25 Jun 1997 WorldLII flag 358
United States v Lanier 520 US 259; 137 L Ed 2d 432; 117 SCt 1219 United States Supreme Court United States 31 Mar 1997 WorldLII flag 185
Felker v Turpin 518 US 651; 135 L Ed 2d 827; 116 SCt 2333 United States Supreme Court United States 28 Jun 1996 WorldLII flag 169
Medtronic, Inc v Lohr 518 US 470; 135 L Ed 2d 700; 116 SCt 2240 United States Supreme Court United States 26 Jun 1996 WorldLII flag 147
Seminole Tribe of Florida v Florida 517 US 44; 134 L Ed 2d 252; 116 SCt 1114 United States Supreme Court United States 27 Mar 1996 WorldLII flag 459
US Term Limits, Inc v Thornton 514 US 779; 131 L Ed 2d 881; 115 SCt 1842 United States Supreme Court United States 22 May 1995 WorldLII flag 77
United States v Lopez 514 US 549; 115 SCt 1; 131 L Ed 2d 626 United States Supreme Court United States 26 Apr 1995 WorldLII flag 659
Freightliner Corporation v Myrick 514 US 280; 131 L Ed 2d 385; 115 SCt 1483 United States Supreme Court United States 18 Apr 1995 WorldLII flag 73
"Article III Cases, State Court Duties, and the Madisonian Compromise" [1995] Wisconsin Law Review 39 Wisconsin Law Review United States - Wisconsin circa 1995 HeinOnline / LexisNexis flag 4
New York v United States 505 US 144; 120 L Ed 2d 120; 112 SCt 2408 United States Supreme Court United States 19 Jun 1992 WorldLII flag 224
Gade v National Solid Wastes Management Ass'n 505 US 88; 120 L Ed 2d 73; 112 SCt 2374 United States Supreme Court United States 18 Jun 1992 WorldLII flag 85
Mireles v Waco 502 US 9; 116 L Ed 2d 9; 112 SCt 286 United States Supreme Court United States 21 Oct 1991 WorldLII flag 143
Gregory v Ashcroft 501 US 452; 115 L Ed 2d 410; 111 SCt 2395 United States Supreme Court United States 20 Jun 1991 WorldLII flag 220
Collins v Youngblood 497 US 37; 111 L Ed 2d 30; 110 SCt 2715 United States Supreme Court United States 21 Jun 1990 WorldLII flag 230
English v General Electric Co 496 US 72; 110 L Ed 2d 65; 110 SCt 2270 United States Supreme Court United States 4 Jun 1990 WorldLII flag 109
Mesa v California 489 US 121; 103 L Ed 2d 99; 109 SCt 959 United States Supreme Court United States 21 Feb 1989 WorldLII flag 54
Boyle v United Technologies Corporation 487 US 500; 101 L Ed 2d 442; 108 SCt 2510 United States Supreme Court United States 27 Jun 1988 WorldLII flag 157
Kentucky v Long 837 F2d 727 United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit United States 21 Jan 1988 WorldLII flag 12
Westfall v Erwin 484 US 292; 98 L Ed 2d 619; 108 SCt 580; 56 USLW 4087 United States Supreme Court United States 13 Jan 1988 WorldLII flag 92
Forrester v White 484 US 219; 98 L Ed 2d 555; 108 SCt 538 United States Supreme Court United States 12 Jan 1988 WorldLII flag 282
(1988) 128 University of Pennsylvania Law Review 499 (1988) 128 University of Pennsylvania Law Review 499 University of Pennsylvania Law Review United States circa 1988 HeinOnline / LexisNexis flag 7
Anderson v Creighton 483 US 635; 97 L Ed 2d 523; 107 SCt 3034; 97 L Ed 523 United States Supreme Court United States 25 Jun 1987 WorldLII flag 2051
South Dakota v Dole 483 US 203; 97 L Ed 2d 171; 107 SCt 2793 United States Supreme Court United States 23 Jun 1987 WorldLII flag 122
Pilot Life Ins Co v Dedeaux 481 US 41; 95 L Ed 2d 39; 107 SCt 1549 United States Supreme Court United States 6 Apr 1987 WorldLII flag 599
Garcia v San Antonio Metropolitan Transit Authority 469 US 528; 83 L Ed 2d 1016; 105 SCt 1005 United States Supreme Court United States 15 Apr 1985 WorldLII flag 315
Tower v Glover 467 US 914; 81 L Ed 2d 758; 104 SCt 2820; 919-20 Moore 890 United States Supreme Court United States 25 Jun 1984 WorldLII flag 129
Bush v Lucas 462 US 367; 76 L Ed 2d 648; 103 SCt 2404 United States Supreme Court United States 13 Jun 1983 WorldLII flag 259
Pacific Gas & Elec Co v State Energy Resources Conservation & Dev Comm'n 461 US 190; 75 L Ed 2d 752; 103 SCt 1713 United States Supreme Court United States 20 Apr 1983 WorldLII flag 223
EEOC v Wyoming 460 US 226; 75 L Ed 2d 18; 103 SCt 1054 United States Supreme Court United States 2 Mar 1983 WorldLII flag 137
Amar, Sovereignty and Federalism]; Akhil Reed Amar, Using State Law To Protect Federal Constitutional Rights: Some Questions and Answers About Converse-1983 64 University of Colorado Law Review 159 University of Colorado Law Review United States circa 1983 HeinOnline / LexisNexis flag 1
Fidelity Federal Savings & Loan Assn v De la Cuesta 458 US 141; 73 L Ed 2d 664; 102 SCt 3014; [1982] Woods 826 United States Supreme Court United States 28 Jun 1982 WorldLII flag 227
Harlow v Fitzgerald 457 US 800; 50 USLW 4815; 73 L Ed 2d 396; 102 SCt 2727; 818 Moore 57; 73 L Ed 396; [1982] Rice 999 United States Supreme Court United States 24 Jun 1982 WorldLII flag 3206
Nixon v Fitzgerald 457 US 731; 73 L Ed 2d 349; 102 SCt 2690 United States Supreme Court United States 24 Jun 1982 WorldLII flag 250
Carlson v Green 446 US 14; 64 L Ed 2d 15; 100 SCt 1468 United States Supreme Court United States 22 Apr 1980 WorldLII flag 254
Davis v Passman 442 US 228; 60 L Ed 2d 846; 99 SCt 2264; 862-64 Bush 462 United States Supreme Court United States 5 Jun 1979 WorldLII flag 308
Japan Line, Ltd v County of Los Angeles 441 US 434; 60 L Ed 2d 336; 99 SCt 1813 United States Supreme Court United States 30 Apr 1979 WorldLII flag 42
Butz v Economou 438 US 478; 57 L Ed 2d 895; 98 SCt 2894 United States Supreme Court United States 29 Jun 1978 WorldLII flag 677
City of Philadelphia v New Jersey 437 US 617; 57 L Ed 2d 475; 98 SCt 2531 United States Supreme Court United States 23 Jun 1978 WorldLII flag 166
Stump v Sparkman 435 US 349; 55 L Ed 2d 331; 98 SCt 1099 United States Supreme Court United States 5 Jun 1978 WorldLII flag 619
Jones v Rath Packing Co 430 US 519; 51 L Ed 2d 604; 97 SCt 1305 United States Supreme Court United States 16 May 1977 WorldLII flag 240
Clifton v Cox 549 F2d 722 United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit United States 4 Mar 1977 WorldLII flag 21
Eastland v United States Servicemen's Fund 421 US 491; 44 L Ed 2d 324; 95 SCt 1813; 44 L Ed 324; 43 USLW 4635 United States Supreme Court United States 27 May 1975 WorldLII flag 92
Scheuer v Rhodes 416 US 232; 42 USLW 4543; 40 L Ed 2d 90; 94 SCt 1683 United States Supreme Court United States 17 Apr 1974 WorldLII flag 836
United States v Bass 404 US 336; 30 L Ed 2d 488; 92 SCt 515; (1971) 40 USLW 4101 United States Supreme Court United States 20 Dec 1971 WorldLII flag 549
Bivens v Six Unknown Named Agents of Federal Bureau of Narcotics 403 US 388; 29 L Ed 2d 619; 91 SCt 1999; 29 L Ed 2; 29 L Ed 619 United States Supreme Court United States 21 Jun 1971 WorldLII flag 2207
Willingham v Morgan 395 US 402; 23 L Ed 2d 396; 89 SCt 1813 United States Supreme Court United States 9 Jun 1969 WorldLII flag 79
Avco Corporation v Machinists 390 US 557; 20 L Ed 2d 126; 88 SCt 1235 United States Supreme Court United States 20 May 1968 WorldLII flag 194
Scherer v Brennan 379 F2d 609 United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit United States 21 Jun 1967 WorldLII flag 18
Pierson v Ray 386 US 547; 18 L Ed 288; 18 L Ed 2d 288; 87 SCt 1213 United States Supreme Court United States 11 Apr 1967 WorldLII flag 804
City of Greenwood v Peacock 384 US 808; 16 L Ed 944; 16 L Ed 2d 944; 86 SCt 1800 United States Supreme Court United States 20 Jun 1966 WorldLII flag 167
Retail Clerks v Schermerhorn 375 US 96; 11 L Ed 2d 179; 84 SCt 219 United States Supreme Court United States 2 Dec 1963 WorldLII flag 59
Free v Bland 369 US 663; 8 L Ed 2d 180; 82 SCt 1089; 82 L Ed 180 United States Supreme Court United States 21 May 1962 WorldLII flag 72
Howard v Lyons 360 US 593; 3 L Ed 1454; 3 L Ed 2d 1454; 79 SCt 1331 United States Supreme Court United States 12 Oct 1959 WorldLII flag 79
Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co v Sawyer 343 US 579; 26 ALR 2d 1378; 96 L Ed 1153; 72 SCt 863; 96 L Ed 2d 1153 United States Supreme Court United States 2 Jun 1952 WorldLII flag 346
Rice v Santa Fe Elevator Corporation 331 US 218; 91 L Ed 1447; 67 SCt 1146 United States Supreme Court United States 5 May 1947 WorldLII flag 374
Guaranty Trust Co v York 326 US 99; 89 L Ed 2079; 65 SCt 1464 United States Supreme Court United States 8 Oct 1945 WorldLII flag 630
Screws v United States 325 US 91; 89 L Ed 1495; 65 SCt 1031; 89 L Ed 2d 1495 United States Supreme Court United States 7 May 1945 WorldLII flag 586
Hines v Davidowitz 312 US 52; 85 L Ed 581; 61 SCt 399; 85 L Ed 2d 581 United States Supreme Court United States 20 Jan 1941 WorldLII flag 387
Graves v New York ex rel O'Keefe 306 US 466; 59 SCt 595; 83 L Ed 927 United States Supreme Court United States 27 Mar 1939 WorldLII flag 101
James v Dravo Contracting Co 302 US 134; 82 L Ed 155; 58 SCt 208 United States Supreme Court United States 6 Dec 1937 WorldLII flag 107
McBoyle v United States 283 US 25; 75 L Ed 816; 51 SCt 340 United States Supreme Court United States 9 Mar 1931 WorldLII flag 89
Myers v United States 272 US 52; 71 L Ed 160; 47 SCt 21 United States Supreme Court United States 25 Oct 1926 WorldLII flag 155
Maryland v Soper (No 1) 46 SCt 185 United States Supreme Court United States 1 Feb 1926 WorldLII flag 63
First Nat Bank of Guthrie Center v Anderson 269 US 341; 70 L Ed 295; 46 SCt 135 United States Supreme Court United States 4 Jan 1926 WorldLII flag 24
Beazell v Ohio 269 US 167; 70 L Ed 216; 46 SCt 68 United States Supreme Court United States 16 Nov 1925 WorldLII flag 135
Johnson v Maryland 254 US 51; 65 L Ed 126; 41 SCt 16 United States Supreme Court United States 8 Nov 1920 WorldLII flag 34
Coyle v Smith 221 US 559; 55 L Ed 853; 31 SCt 688; 55 L Ed 2d 853 United States Supreme Court United States 29 May 1911 WorldLII flag 48
Ex parte Young 209 US 166; 209 US 123; 13 LRANS 932; 14 Ann Cas 764; 52 L Ed 2d 714; 14 A & E Ann Cas 764; 52 L Ed 714; 13 LRANS 293; 28 SCt 441 United States Supreme Court United States 23 Mar 1908 WorldLII flag 1057
Ohio v Thomas 173 US 276; 43 L Ed 699; 19 SCt 453 United States Supreme Court United States 27 Feb 1899 WorldLII flag 19
Spalding v Vilas 161 US 483; 40 L Ed 780; 16 SCt 631 United States Supreme Court United States 2 Mar 1896 WorldLII flag 124
Cunningham v Neagle 135 US 42; 135 US 1; 34 L Ed 55; 10 SCt 658 United States Supreme Court United States 14 Apr 1890 WorldLII flag 98
United States v Lee 106 US 196; 16 Ot 196; 27 L Ed 171; 1 SCt 240 United States Supreme Court United States 4 Dec 1882 WorldLII flag 164
Ex parte Siebold 100 US 371; 10 Ot 371; 25 L Ed 717 United States Supreme Court United States 1 Oct 1879 WorldLII flag 128
Tarble's Case 80 US 397; 13 Wall 397; 20 L Ed 597 United States Supreme Court United States 1 Dec 1871 WorldLII flag 37
National Bank v Commonwealth 76 US 353; 9 Wall 353; 19 L Ed 701 United States Supreme Court United States 1 Dec 1869 WorldLII flag 57
Bouie v City of Columbia 378 US 347; 12 L Ed 2d 894; 84 SCt 1697; 12 L Ed 894 United States Supreme Court United States 1 Jan 1849 WorldLII flag 290
McCulloch v Maryland 17 US 316; 4 Wheat 316; 4 L Ed 579; 1 Wheat 316; 4 L Ed 519; 1 Pet 14; 2 Sumn 278 United States Supreme Court United States 1 Feb 1819 WorldLII flag 896
Martin v Hunter's Lessee 14 US 141; 4 L Ed 97; 1 Wheat 304 United States Supreme Court United States 20 Mar 1816 WorldLII flag 184
Osborn v Bank of the United States 22 US 738; 6 L Ed 204; 9 Wheat 326; 7 Cranch 32; 13 Pet 587; 3 L Ed 2d 259; 9 Wheat 738; 1 Wash 235 United States Supreme Court United States 13 Feb 1812 WorldLII flag 519
Calder v Bull 6 US 272; 2 L Ed 276; 3 Dall 386; 2 Cranch 272; 12 Wheat 303; 3 Dall 269 United States Supreme Court United States 1 Aug 1798 WorldLII flag 315
Chisholm v Georgia 2 US 419; 1 L Ed 440; 2 Dall 419 United States Supreme Court United States 1 Feb 1793 WorldLII flag 154
ACLU v County of Hudson 803 A2d 1162 United States circa 1983 flag 1
Matter of Doe 801 FSupp 478 United States circa 1983 Westlaw flag 4
ACLU v County of Hudson 799 A2d 629 United States flag 1
Fourteenth Amendments); Coll Sav Bank v Fla Prepaid Postsecondary Educ Expense Bd 527 US 666 United States Supreme Court United States circa 1983 Westlaw flag 114
Barr v Matteo 360 US 564; 79 SCt 1335; 3 L Ed 2d 1434; 3 L Ed 1434 United States Supreme Court United States circa 1983 Westlaw flag 356
264 Idaho 265 264 Idaho 265 United States - Idaho circa 1983 flag 9
238 Idaho 239 238 Idaho 239 United States - Idaho circa 1983 flag 7
In re McShane's Petition 235 FSupp 262 United States circa 1983 Westlaw flag 13
211 Idaho 212 211 Idaho 212 United States - Idaho circa 1983 flag 11
184 Idaho 185 184 Idaho 185 United States - Idaho circa 1983 flag 9
United States v Lipsett 156 F 65 circa 1983 3
"Congressional Power to Control the Jurisdiction of Lower Federal Courts: A Critical Review and a New Synthesis" 124 University of Pennsylvania Law Review 45 University of Pennsylvania Law Review United States HeinOnline / LexisNexis flag 4
Mendoza Toro v Gil 110 FSupp 2d 28 United States Westlaw flag 1
Tennessee v Davis 100 US 257 United States Supreme Court United States Westlaw flag 74
"Of Sovereignty and Federalism" 96 Yale Law Journal 1425 Yale Law Journal United States HeinOnline / Westlaw flag 32
"Intergovernmental Immunities in Litigation, Taxation, and Regulation: Separation of Powers Issues in Controversies about Federalism" 89 Harvard Law Review 682 Harvard Law Review United States HeinOnline / LexisNexis flag 18
"Reassessing the Law of Preemption" 88 Georgetown Law Journal 2085 Georgetown Law Journal United States HeinOnline / LexisNexis flag 3
"Some Further Last Words on Erie--The Thread" 87 Harvard Law Review 1682 Harvard Law Review United States HeinOnline / LexisNexis flag 5
"Preemption" 86 Virginia Law Review 225 Virginia Law Review United States LexisNexis flag 14
Daniel J Meltzer, Congress, Courts, and Constitutional Remedies 86 Georgetown Law Journal 2537 Georgetown Law Journal United States HeinOnline / LexisNexis flag 4
"Separation of Powers as a Safeguard of Federalism" 79 Texas Law Review 1321 Texas Law Review United States HeinOnline / LexisNexis flag 12
Trevor W Morrison, Fair Warning and the Retroactive Judicial Expansion of Federal Criminal Statutes 74 Southern California Law Review 455 Southern California Law Review United States HeinOnline / LexisNexis flag 2
Dick Thornburgh, Ethics and the Attorney General: The Attorney General Responds 74 Judicature 290 Judicature United States HeinOnline flag 1
73 Yale Law Journal 1385 73 Yale Law Journal 1385 Yale Law Journal United States HeinOnline / Westlaw flag 8
65 Fordham Law Review 355 65 Fordham Law Review 355 Fordham Law Review United States HeinOnline / LexisNexis flag 1
"The Political Safeguards of Federalism: The Role of the States in the Composition and Selection of the National Government" 54 Columbia Law Review 543 Columbia Law Review United States HeinOnline / LexisNexis flag 31
Anti-Contact and Subpoena Rules 53 University of Pittsburgh Law Review 291 University of Pittsburgh Law Review United States HeinOnline / LexisNexis flag 2
18 How 595 18 How 595 United Stated Supreme Court United States flag 14
Susan L Smith, Shields for R's Men: Official Immunity and Other Obstacles to Effective Prosecution of Federal Officials for Environmental Crimes 16 Columbia Journal of Environmental Law 1 Columbia Journal of Environmental Law United States HeinOnline / LexisNexis flag 1
12 Fcas 1024 12 FCas 1024 United States flag 1
6 North Carolina Law Review 123 6 North Carolina Law Review 123 North Carolina Law Review United States HeinOnline / LexisNexis flag 2
Harold J Krent, Should Bouie Be Buoyed?: Judicial Retroactive Lawmaking and the Ex Post Facto Clause 3 Roger Williams University Law Review 35 Roger Williams University Law Review United States HeinOnline / LexisNexis flag 2

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