R v Pidoto and O'Dea 132

[2006] VSCA 185; (2006) 14 VR 269; (2006) 165 A Crim R 61

Supreme Court of Victoria - Court of Appeal

Australia - Victoria

8th September, 2006

Cases Referring to this Case

Case Name	Citation(s)	Court	Jurisdiction	Date †	Full Text	Citation Index
DPP v Urquhart	[2024] VCC 1217	County Court of Victoria	Australia - Victoria	12 Aug 2024	AustLII
DPP v Shah	[2024] VCC 1152	County Court of Victoria	Australia - Victoria	2 Aug 2024	AustLII
DPP v Vo	[2024] VCC 788	County Court of Victoria	Australia - Victoria	31 May 2024	AustLII
DPP v Bruce	[2024] VCC 30	County Court of Victoria	Australia - Victoria	31 Jan 2024	AustLII
McCabe v R	[2023] VSCA 329	Supreme Court of Victoria - Court of Appeal	Australia - Victoria	19 Dec 2023	AustLII
DPP v Parker	[2023] VCC 2037	County Court of Victoria	Australia - Victoria	3 Nov 2023	AustLII
Do v R	[2023] VSCA 254	Supreme Court of Victoria - Court of Appeal	Australia - Victoria	24 Oct 2023	AustLII	1
DPP v Uluakiahoia	[2023] VCC 1863	County Court of Victoria	Australia - Victoria	16 Oct 2023	AustLII
Bott v R	[2023] NSWCCA 255	Supreme Court of New South Wales - Court of Criminal Appeal	Australia - New South Wales	11 Oct 2023	AustLII	6
DPP v Aydin	[2023] VCC 1685	County Court of Victoria	Australia - Victoria	20 Sep 2023	AustLII
DPP v Warda	[2023] VCC 1557	County Court of Victoria	Australia - Victoria	30 Aug 2023	AustLII
DPP v Mazzacca	[2023] VCC 976	County Court of Victoria	Australia - Victoria	12 May 2023	AustLII
Nguyen and Minister for Immigration, Citizenship and Multicultural Affairs (Migration)	[2023] AATA 392	Administrative Appeals Tribunal	Australia	15 Mar 2023	AustLII
DPP v Luzza	[2022] VCC 1992	County Court of Victoria	Australia - Victoria	25 Oct 2022	AustLII
Johnson v R	[2022] VSCA 228	Supreme Court of Victoria - Court of Appeal	Australia - Victoria	20 Oct 2022	AustLII
DPP v Lau	[2022] VCC 1724	County Court of Victoria	Australia - Victoria	5 Oct 2022	AustLII
CDPP v Chan & Chen	[2022] VCC 1463	County Court of Victoria	Australia - Victoria	12 Sep 2022	AustLII
DPP v Robinson	[2022] VCC 1320	County Court of Victoria	Australia - Victoria	12 Aug 2022	AustLII
DPP v Lai	[2022] VCC 485	County Court of Victoria	Australia - Victoria	7 Apr 2022	AustLII	1
DPP v Thompson	[2022] VCC 311	County Court of Victoria	Australia - Victoria	18 Mar 2022	AustLII
DPP v Hourigan	[2021] VCC 1770	County Court of Victoria	Australia - Victoria	5 Nov 2021	AustLII	1
DPP v Duffy	[2021] VCC 1741	County Court of Victoria	Australia - Victoria	18 Oct 2021	AustLII
DPP v Henderson	[2021] VCC 1398	County Court of Victoria	Australia - Victoria	22 Sep 2021	AustLII	1
DPP v Anh Tran	[2021] VCC 224	County Court of Victoria	Australia - Victoria	10 Mar 2021	AustLII	2
DPP v Wiggett	[2021] VCC 157	County Court of Victoria	Australia - Victoria	19 Feb 2021	AustLII	2
DPP v Nguyen	[2020] VCC 1955	County Court of Victoria	Australia - Victoria	3 Dec 2020	AustLII
DPP v Tran	[2020] VCC 1895	County Court of Victoria	Australia - Victoria	27 Nov 2020	AustLII
DPP v Griffith	[2020] VCC 1550	County Court of Victoria	Australia - Victoria	28 Sep 2020	AustLII
DPP v Dimovski	[2020] VCC 1513	County Court of Victoria	Australia - Victoria	21 Sep 2020	AustLII	1
Danaf v R	[2020] VSCA 226	Supreme Court of Victoria - Court of Appeal	Australia - Victoria	7 Sep 2020	AustLII	2
Roach v R	[2020] VSCA 205	Supreme Court of Victoria - Court of Appeal	Australia - Victoria	18 Aug 2020	AustLII	11
DPP v Barbaro	[2020] VCC 1176	County Court of Victoria	Australia - Victoria	3 Aug 2020	AustLII	3
DPP v Kent	[2020] VCC 991	County Court of Victoria	Australia - Victoria	3 Jul 2020	AustLII	1
Holder & Holder	[2020] FamCA 347	Family Court of Australia	Australia	14 May 2020	AustLII	5
Oliveira v R	[2020] WASCA 32	Supreme Court of Western Australia - Court of Appeal	Australia - Western Australia	18 Mar 2020	AustLII	1
DPP v Al Janabe	[2019] VCC 1313	County Court of Victoria	Australia - Victoria	16 Aug 2019	AustLII	8
DPP v Fatho	[2019] VCC 1260	County Court of Victoria	Australia - Victoria	12 Jul 2019	AustLII	3
DPP v Luu	[2019] VCC 981	County Court of Victoria	Australia - Victoria	27 Jun 2019	AustLII
DPP v Dinh Phan	[2019] VCC 760	County Court of Victoria	Australia - Victoria	27 May 2019	AustLII	1
DPP v Le	[2018] VCC 1241	County Court of Victoria	Australia - Victoria	10 Aug 2018	AustLII
DPP v Kennedy	[2018] VCC 1054	County Court of Victoria	Australia - Victoria	9 Jul 2018	AustLII
Nchouki v R	[2018] ACTCA 28; 13 ACTLR 168	Supreme Court of the Australian Capital Territory - Court of Appeal	Australia - Australian Capital Territory	6 Jul 2018	AustLII	11
DPP v Nguyen	[2018] VCC 664	County Court of Victoria	Australia - Victoria	2 May 2018	AustLII
Tran v R	[2018] VSCA 107	Supreme Court of Victoria - Court of Appeal	Australia - Victoria	1 May 2018	AustLII	3
DPP v Vo	[2018] VCC 450	County Court of Victoria	Australia - Victoria	13 Apr 2018	AustLII	5
Kada v R	[2017] VSCA 339; (2017) 270 A Crim R 197	Supreme Court of Victoria - Court of Appeal	Australia - Victoria	22 Nov 2017	AustLII	22
Pham v R	[2017] VSCA 297	Supreme Court of Victoria - Court of Appeal	Australia - Victoria	19 Oct 2017	AustLII	1
DPP v Nguyen	[2017] VCC 1136	County Court of Victoria	Australia - Victoria	17 Aug 2017	AustLII
DPP v Pham	[2017] VCC 905	County Court of Victoria	Australia - Victoria	30 Jun 2017	AustLII	2
Gregory (a pseudonym) v R	[2017] VSCA 151; (2017) 268 A Crim R 1	Supreme Court of Victoria - Court of Appeal	Australia - Victoria	23 Jun 2017	AustLII	157
DPP v Nguyen	[2017] VCC 10	County Court of Victoria	Australia - Victoria	25 Jan 2017	AustLII
DPP v Stanovsek	[2016] VCC 2022	County Court of Victoria	Australia - Victoria	20 Dec 2016	AustLII	1
DPP v Anderson; DPP v Azzopardi	[2016] VCC 2071	County Court of Victoria	Australia - Victoria	17 Nov 2016	AustLII	1
DPP v Hoang	[2016] VCC 1605	County Court of Victoria	Australia - Victoria	31 Oct 2016	AustLII	1
Tiong v R	[2016] VSCA 257	Supreme Court of Victoria - Court of Appeal	Australia - Victoria	25 Oct 2016	AustLII	6
R v Young	[2016] SASCFC 102	Supreme Court of South Australia - Full Court	Australia - South Australia	8 Sep 2016	AustLII	19
Nguyen v R	[2016] VSCA 198; (2016) 311 FLR 289	Supreme Court of Victoria - Court of Appeal	Australia - Victoria	11 Aug 2016	AustLII	150
Haddara v R	[2016] VSCA 168; (2016) 260 A Crim R 306	Supreme Court of Victoria - Court of Appeal	Australia - Victoria	18 Jul 2016	AustLII	51
Stephens v R	[2016] VSCA 121; (2016) 50 VR 740	Supreme Court of Victoria - Court of Appeal	Australia - Victoria	30 May 2016	AustLII	103
DPP v Nguyen	[2016] VCC 711	County Court of Victoria	Australia - Victoria	26 May 2016	AustLII
DPP v Thai	[2016] VCC 624	County Court of Victoria	Australia - Victoria	13 May 2016	AustLII
Harris v R	[2016] VSCA 30	Supreme Court of Victoria - Court of Appeal	Australia - Victoria	4 Mar 2016	AustLII	4
DPP v Nguyen	[2016] VCC 242	County Court of Victoria	Australia - Victoria	3 Mar 2016	AustLII
DPP v Collins	[2016] VCC 234	County Court of Victoria	Australia - Victoria	3 Mar 2016	AustLII
DPP v Trinh & Trinh	[2016] VCC 274	County Court of Victoria	Australia - Victoria	26 Feb 2016	AustLII
DPP v Walker & Hannah	[2016] VCC 142	County Court of Victoria	Australia - Victoria	19 Feb 2016	AustLII
DPP v Nguyen	[2015] VCC 1908	County Court of Victoria	Australia - Victoria	16 Dec 2015	AustLII
DPP v Tran	[2015] VCC 1896	County Court of Victoria	Australia - Victoria	15 Dec 2015	AustLII
DPP v La & Tieu	[2015] VCC 1836	County Court of Victoria	Australia - Victoria	11 Dec 2015	AustLII
DPP v Le	[2015] VCC 1809	County Court of Victoria	Australia - Victoria	9 Dec 2015	AustLII
Bui v R	[2015] VSCA 313	Supreme Court of Victoria - Court of Appeal	Australia - Victoria	25 Nov 2015	AustLII	11
DPP (Cth) v KMD	[2015] VSCA 255; (2015) 254 A Crim R 244	Supreme Court of Victoria - Court of Appeal	Australia - Victoria	17 Sep 2015	AustLII	60
Taumoefolau v R	[2015] VSCA 221; (2015) 253 A Crim R 508	Supreme Court of Victoria - Court of Appeal	Australia - Victoria	25 Aug 2015	AustLII	10
DPP (Cth) v Alfartose	[2015] VCC 913	County Court of Victoria	Australia - Victoria	15 Jun 2015	AustLII	2
DPP v Bui	[2015] VCC 474	County Court of Victoria	Australia - Victoria	23 Apr 2015	AustLII	1
Matthews v R	[2014] VSCA 291; (2014) 44 VR 280; (2014) 246 A Crim R 193	Supreme Court of Victoria - Court of Appeal	Australia - Victoria	19 Nov 2014	AustLII	44
Pham v R	[2014] VSCA 204; (2014) 244 A Crim R 252	Supreme Court of Victoria - Court of Appeal	Australia - Victoria	5 Sep 2014	AustLII	28
DPP v Fan	[2014] VCC 1325	County Court of Victoria	Australia - Victoria	15 Aug 2014	AustLII
DPP (Cth) v Thai	[2014] VSCA 122	Supreme Court of Victoria - Court of Appeal	Australia - Victoria	16 Jun 2014	AustLII	2
Dao v R	[2014] VSCA 93	Supreme Court of Victoria - Court of Appeal	Australia - Victoria	14 May 2014	AustLII	31
Hibgame v R	[2014] VSCA 26	Supreme Court of Victoria - Court of Appeal	Australia - Victoria	3 Mar 2014	AustLII	4
Hoang v R	[2013] VSCA 287	Supreme Court of Victoria - Court of Appeal	Australia - Victoria	14 Oct 2013	AustLII	7
Ibrahim v R	[2013] VSCA 227	Supreme Court of Victoria - Court of Appeal	Australia - Victoria	6 Sep 2013	AustLII	6
DPP v Gonzaga	[2013] VCC 1122	County Court of Victoria	Australia - Victoria	1 Aug 2013	AustLII
DPP v Polychronopoulos	[2013] VCC 1099	County Court of Victoria	Australia - Victoria	26 Jul 2013	AustLII
DPP v Nguyen	[2013] VCC 1025	County Court of Victoria	Australia - Victoria	26 Jun 2013	AustLII
DPP v Huynh	[2013] VCC 499	County Court of Victoria	Australia - Victoria	26 Apr 2013	AustLII
Kapkidis v R	[2013] VSCA 35	Supreme Court of Victoria - Court of Appeal	Australia - Victoria	1 Mar 2013	AustLII	16
DPP v Le, Loc Duc	[2013] VCC 434	County Court of Victoria	Australia - Victoria	22 Feb 2013	AustLII
DPP v Lin, Chaunjin	[2013] VCC 122	County Court of Victoria	Australia - Victoria	15 Feb 2013	AustLII
DPP v Nguyen	[2013] VCC 386	County Court of Victoria	Australia - Victoria	14 Feb 2013	AustLII
DPP v Vu, Hung Viet	[2013] VCC 12	County Court of Victoria	Australia - Victoria	25 Jan 2013	AustLII
DPP v Del Re	[2012] VCC 2037	County Court of Victoria	Australia - Victoria	19 Dec 2012	AustLII
R v Wilson	[2012] VSCA 141	Supreme Court of Victoria - Court of Appeal	Australia - Victoria	29 Jun 2012	AustLII	12
Kneifati v R	[2012] VSCA 124	Supreme Court of Victoria - Court of Appeal	Australia - Victoria	18 Jun 2012	AustLII	8
DPP v Coory	[2011] VSCA 316; (2011) 214 A Crim R 301	Supreme Court of Victoria - Court of Appeal	Australia - Victoria	26 Oct 2011	AustLII	5
Trajkovski v R	[2011] VSCA 170; (2011) 32 VR 587; (2011) 211 A Crim R 118	Supreme Court of Victoria - Court of Appeal	Australia - Victoria	17 Jun 2011	AustLII	32
Dagher v R	[2011] VSCA 119	Supreme Court of Victoria - Court of Appeal	Australia - Victoria	10 May 2011	AustLII	5
R v Tricarico	[2011] VSC 53	Supreme Court of Victoria	Australia - Victoria	1 Mar 2011	AustLII	3
Mokbel v R	[2011] VSCA 34; (2011) 211 A Crim R 37	Supreme Court of Victoria - Court of Appeal	Australia - Victoria	18 Feb 2011	AustLII	16
Hanks v R	[2011] VSCA 7	Supreme Court of Victoria - Court of Appeal	Australia - Victoria	19 Jan 2011	AustLII	89
Chandler v R	[2010] VSCA 338	Supreme Court of Victoria - Court of Appeal	Australia - Victoria	9 Dec 2010	AustLII	25
Tarakci v R	[2010] VSCA 270	Supreme Court of Victoria - Court of Appeal	Australia - Victoria	8 Oct 2010	AustLII	2
Power v R	[2010] VSCA 139	Supreme Court of Victoria - Court of Appeal	Australia - Victoria	10 Jun 2010	AustLII	1
Vasic v R	[2010] VSCA 89	Supreme Court of Victoria - Court of Appeal	Australia - Victoria	23 Apr 2010	AustLII	3
Bala v R	[2010] VSCA 78	Supreme Court of Victoria - Court of Appeal	Australia - Victoria	16 Apr 2010	AustLII	9
Nguyen v R	[2010] VSCA 127	Supreme Court of Victoria - Court of Appeal	Australia - Victoria	13 Apr 2010	AustLII	43
R v Simon	[2010] VSCA 66	Supreme Court of Victoria - Court of Appeal	Australia - Victoria	31 Mar 2010	AustLII	16
R v Dang; R v Dang	[2010] VSCA 13	Supreme Court of Victoria - Court of Appeal	Australia - Victoria	15 Feb 2010	AustLII	2
R v Ferguson; R v Sadler; R v Cox	[2009] VSCA 198; (2009) 24 VR 531	Supreme Court of Victoria - Court of Appeal	Australia - Victoria	8 Sep 2009	AustLII	36
DPP v McInnes	[2009] VSCA 144	Supreme Court of Victoria - Court of Appeal	Australia - Victoria	19 Jun 2009	AustLII	15
R v Dominique	[2009] VSCA 133	Supreme Court of Victoria - Court of Appeal	Australia - Victoria	11 Jun 2009	AustLII	3
R v BDX	[2009] VSCA 28; (2009) 24 VR 288; (2009) 194 A Crim R 57	Supreme Court of Victoria - Court of Appeal	Australia - Victoria	12 Mar 2009	AustLII	36
R v McCulloch	[2009] VSCA 34; (2009) 21 VR 340; (2009) 193 A Crim R 580	Supreme Court of Victoria - Court of Appeal	Australia - Victoria	12 Mar 2009	AustLII	12
R v Roussety	[2008] VSCA 259; (2008) 24 VR 253; (2008) 192 A Crim R 32	Supreme Court of Victoria - Court of Appeal	Australia - Victoria	17 Dec 2008	AustLII	45
R v Do	[2008] VSCA 199	Supreme Court of Victoria - Court of Appeal	Australia - Victoria	10 Oct 2008	AustLII	6
R v Mundy	[2008] VSCA 184	Supreme Court of Victoria - Court of Appeal	Australia - Victoria	15 Sep 2008	AustLII	1
Western Australia v Higgins	[2008] WASCA 157; (2008) 200 A Crim R 302	Supreme Court of Western Australia - Court of Appeal	Australia - Western Australia	24 Jul 2008	AustLII	47
R v Perrier	[2008] VSCA 97	Supreme Court of Victoria - Court of Appeal	Australia - Victoria	6 Jun 2008	AustLII	6
Adams v R	[2008] HCA 15; (2008) 234 CLR 143; (2008) 244 ALR 270; 183 A Crim R 534; (2008) 82 ALJR 718	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	23 Apr 2008	AustLII	91
R v Corbett	[2008] NSWCCA 42; 181 A Crim R 522	Supreme Court of New South Wales - Court of Criminal Appeal	Australia - New South Wales	4 Mar 2008	AustLII	5
R v Wong	[2007] VSCA 278; (2007) 178 A Crim R 192	Supreme Court of Victoria - Court of Appeal	Australia - Victoria	22 Nov 2007	AustLII	10
R v Atik	[2007] VSC 299	Supreme Court of Victoria	Australia - Victoria	23 Aug 2007	AustLII	4
R v Karafilowski	[2007] VSCA 156	Supreme Court of Victoria - Court of Appeal	Australia - Victoria	15 Aug 2007	AustLII	7
R v Reed; R v Shortis	[2007] VSCA 67	Supreme Court of Victoria - Court of Appeal	Australia - Victoria	23 Apr 2007	AustLII	1
R v Adams	[2007] VSCA 37	Supreme Court of Victoria - Court of Appeal	Australia - Victoria	15 Mar 2007	AustLII	12
R v Sibic	[2006] VSCA 296; (2006) 168 A Crim R 305	Supreme Court of Victoria - Court of Appeal	Australia - Victoria	19 Dec 2006	AustLII	23
R v Strawhorn	[2006] VSC 462	Supreme Court of Victoria	Australia - Victoria	11 Dec 2006	AustLII
R v Duncan	[2006] VSCA 239	Supreme Court of Victoria - Court of Appeal	Australia - Victoria	13 Nov 2006	AustLII	13
R v D'Aloia	[2006] VSCA 237	Supreme Court of Victoria - Court of Appeal	Australia - Victoria	13 Nov 2006	AustLII	45
R v Tiburcy	[2006] VSCA 244; (2006) 166 A Crim R 291	Supreme Court of Victoria - Court of Appeal	Australia - Victoria	12 Oct 2006	AustLII	54
R v Yacoub	[2006] VSCA 203	Supreme Court of Victoria - Court of Appeal	Australia - Victoria	5 Oct 2006	AustLII	13

Legislation Cited

Legislation Name	Provision
Customs Act 1901 (Cth)
The Act (Cth)
Drugs, Poisons and Controlled Substances Act 1981 (Vic)	s71, s71A, s71AA, s71AB, s71AC, s71B, s72, s72A, s72B, s73
Drug Trafficking Act 1994

Cases and Articles Cited

Case Name	Citation(s)	Court	Jurisdiction	Date †	Full Text	Citation Index
Vairy v Wyong Shire Council	[2005] HCA 62; (2005) 223 CLR 422; (2005) 221 ALR 711; (2005) 80 ALJR 1; [2005] Aust Torts Reports 81-810; (2005) 142 LGERA 387	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	21 Oct 2005	AustLII	681
R v Arthur	[2005] 3 NZLR 739; (2005) 21 CRNZ 453		New Zealand	circa 2005	LexisNexis	74
R v Nai Poon	[2003] NSWCCA 42; (2003) 56 NSWLR 284; 138 A Crim R 204	Supreme Court of New South Wales - Court of Criminal Appeal	Australia - New South Wales	5 Mar 2003	AustLII	46
R v Brown	[2002] VSCA 207; (2002) 5 VR 463; (2002) 135 A Crim R 582	Supreme Court of Victoria - Court of Appeal	Australia - Victoria	29 Nov 2002	AustLII	25
R v Casey	[2002] VSCA 117	Supreme Court of Victoria - Court of Appeal	Australia - Victoria	31 Jul 2002	AustLII	7
R v Bimahendali	[1999] NSWCCA 409; (1999) 109 A Crim R 355	Supreme Court of New South Wales - Court of Criminal Appeal	Australia - New South Wales	15 Dec 1999	AustLII	31
R v Mandala	[1999] VSCA 159	Supreme Court of Victoria - Court of Appeal	Australia - Victoria	22 Sep 1999	AustLII	8
R v Budiman	(1998) 102 A Crim R 411		Australia	circa 1998	Legal Online / Westlaw	39
R v Wing Tin Li	[1998] 1 VR 637; (1997) 138 FLR 251		Australia - Victoria	circa 1998	LexisNexis AU	33
R v Downie & Dandy	[1998] 2 VR 517; (1997) 95 A Crim R 299		Australia - Victoria	circa 1998	LexisNexis AU	56
Levy v Victoria	[1997] HCA 31; (1997) 189 CLR 579; (1997) 146 ALR 248; (1997) 71 ALJR 837; (1997) 12 Leg Rep 14	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	31 Jul 1997	AustLII	455
R v Darwell	(1997) 94 A Crim R 35		Australia	circa 1997	Legal Online / Westlaw	102
R v Tsolacos	(1995) 81 A Crim R 434		Australia	circa 1995	Legal Online / Westlaw	16
R v Pastras	(1993) 65 A Crim R 584		Australia	circa 1993	Legal Online / Westlaw	16
R v Stavropoulos	(1990) 50 A Crim R 315		Australia	circa 1990	Legal Online / Westlaw	5
Pantorno v R	[1989] HCA 18; (1989) 166 CLR 466; 84 ALR 390; 38 A Crim R 258; 63 ALJR 317	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	7 Mar 1989	AustLII	209
Ibbs v R	[1987] HCA 46; (1987) 163 CLR 447; 74 ALR 1; (1987) 61 ALJR 525; 27 A Crim R 465	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	6 Oct 1987	AustLII	450
R v Cronn and Bladon	(1983) 34 SASR 555	Supreme Court of South Australia	Australia - South Australia	circa 1983	Legal Online / Westlaw	14
R v Zeccola	(1983) 11 A Crim R 192		Australia	circa 1983	Legal Online / Westlaw	7
[1979] FLR 386	[1979] FLR 386		Australia	circa 1979	Legal Online / Westlaw	4
R v Tideman	(1976) 14 SASR 130	Supreme Court of South Australia	Australia - South Australia	circa 1976	Legal Online / Westlaw	5
R v Beresford	(1972) 2 SASR 446	Supreme Court of South Australia	Australia - South Australia	circa 1972	Legal Online / Westlaw	17
R v Taylor & O'Meally	[1958] VicRp 46; [1958] VR 285		Australia - Victoria	19 Dec 1957	AustLII	48
Cranssen v R	[1936] HCA 42; (1936) 55 CLR 509; (1936) 10 ALJR 199	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	19 Aug 1936	AustLII	379
House v R	[1936] HCA 40; (1936) 55 CLR 499; 10 ALJR 202; 9 ABC 117	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	circa 1936	AustLII	13022
R v Bowers	97 A Crim R 461		Australia	circa 1958	Legal Online / Westlaw	16

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