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"Reducing the Burden of Proving Discrimination in Australia"   flag  10

(2009) 31 Sydney Law Review 579
Dominique Allen
Sydney Law Review
Australia

Cases Referring to this Journal Article

Case Name Citation(s) Court Jurisdiction Date †  Full Text Citation Index
Majoor v Macquarie University [2022] NSWCATAP 213 New South Wales Civil and Administrative Tribunal - Appeal Panel Australia - New South Wales 29 Jun 2022 AustLII flag 3
McMahon and Nannup Timber Processing Pty Ltd [2015] WASAT 125 State Administrative Tribunal of Western Australia Australia - Western Australia 6 Nov 2015 AustLII flag 3

Law Journal Articles Referring to this Journal Article

Journal Article Title Citation(s) Author Jurisdiction Date †  Full Text Citation Index
"Employment Discrimination by Algorithm: Can Anyone Be Held Accountable?" (2022) 45 University of New South Wales Law Journal 617 Sheard, Natalie Australia circa 2022 AustLII flag
"An Evaluation of the Mechanisms Designed to Promote Substantive Equality in the Equal Opportunity Act 2010 (Vic)" (2020) 44 Melbourne University Law Review 459 Allen, Dominique Australia circa 2020 AustLII flag
"Why Do Employment Age Discrimination Cases Fail? An Analysis of Australian Case Law" (2020) 42 Sydney Law Review 1 Blackham, Alysia Australia circa 2020 AustLII flag 1
"Intersectional Discrimination in Australia: An Empirical Critique of the Legal Framework" (2020) 43 University of New South Wales Law Journal 773 Blackham, Alysia; Temple, Jeromey Australia circa 2020 AustLII flag
"Perfectly Safe, Five Times Out Of Six: The Briginshaw Principle and Its Paradoxes" (2019) 42 University of New South Wales Law Journal 376 Stratton, Harry Australia circa 2019 AustLII flag 1
"Unsystematic and Unsettled: A Map of the Legal Dimensions of Workplace Investigations in Australia" (2019) 42 University of New South Wales Law Journal 1075 Orifici, Adriana Australia circa 2019 AustLII flag
"Defining 'Discrimination' in UK and Australian Age Discrimination Law" (2017) 43 Monash University Law Review 760 Blackham, Alysia Australia circa 2017 AustLII flag 2
"Re-conceptualising Privacy and Discrimination in an Age of Talent Analytics" (2014) 37 University of New South Wales Law Journal 679 Burdon, Mark; Harpur, Paul Australia circa 2014 AustLII flag 2

Legislation Cited

Legislation Name Provision
Age Discrimination Act 2004 (Cth) s15
Disability Discrimination Act 1992 (Cth) s140
Public Service Act 1999 (Cth) s44
Racial Discrimination Act 1975 (Cth)
Sex Discrimination Act 1984 (Cth) s5, s6, s7, s7B
Disability Discrimination and Other Human Rights Legislation Amendment Act 2009 (Cth)
Sex Discrimination Amendment Act 1995 (Cth) s3
Anti-Discrimination Act 1977 (NSW)
Evidence Act 1995 (NSW)
Anti-Discrimination Act 1991 (Qld) s10, s11, s204, s205
Equal Opportunity in Public Employment Act 1992 (Qld)
Equal Opportunity Act 1984 (Vic)
Equal Opportunity Act 1995 (Vic) s3, s8, s9, s10
Employment Equality Act 1977
Employment Equality Act 1998 s22, s31, s76, s81
Equal Status Act 2000 s26
Disability Discrimination Act 1995
Northern Ireland Act 1998

Cases and Articles Cited

Case Name Citation(s) Court Jurisdiction Date †  Full Text Citation Index
Qantas Airways Ltd v Gama [2008] FCAFC 69; (2008) 167 FCR 537; (2008) 247 ALR 273; (2008) 101 ALD 459; [2008] EOC 93-493 Federal Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 2 May 2008 AustLII flag 366
Madarassy v Nomura International PLC [2007] EWCA Civ 33; [2007] ICR 867; [2007] IRLR 246 England and Wales Court of Appeal - Civil Division United Kingdom - England and Wales 26 Jan 2007 BAILII flag 393
Laing v Manchester City Council [2006] UKEAT 0128_06_2807; [2006] IRLR 748; [2006] ICR 1519 Employment Appeals Tribunal United Kingdom 28 Jul 2006 BAILII flag 252
"Discrimination Through the Looking-Glass: Judicial Guidelines on the Burden of Proof" (2006) 35 Industrial Law Journal 279 Industrial Law Journal United Kingdom circa 2006 HeinOnline / LexisNexis flag 1
Wong v Igen Ltd [2005] EWCA Civ 142; [2005] 3 All ER 812; [2005] ICR 931; [2005] IRLR 258; [2005] All ER (D) 300; (2005) 102 LSG 28 England and Wales Court of Appeal - Civil Division United Kingdom - England and Wales 18 Feb 2005 BAILII flag 550
Vasiliki Nikoloudi v Organismos Tilepikinonion Ellados AE (C-196/02) [2005] ECR I-01789 Europe circa 2005 flag 2
"Has the Racial Discrimination Act contributed to eliminating racial discrimination? Analysing the litigation track record 2000-04" (2005) 11 Australian Journal of Human Rights 171 Australian Journal of Human Rights Australia circa 2005 Informit flag 7
Howe v Qantas Airways Ltd [2004] FMCA 242; (2004) 188 FLR 1; [2004] EOC 93-359 Federal Magistrates Court of Australia Australia 15 Oct 2004 AustLII flag 28
Citibank v Ntoko (2004) 15 ELR 116 circa 2004 3
Purvis v New South Wales [2003] HCA 62; (2003) 217 CLR 92; (2003) 202 ALR 133; (2003) 78 ALJR 1; (2003) 77 ALD 570; [2004] EOC 93-305 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 11 Nov 2003 AustLII flag 704
"Skin-Deep: Proof and Inferences of Racial Discrimination in Employment" (2003) 25 Sydney Law Review 535 Sydney Law Review Australia circa 2003 AustLII flag 17
"Briginshaw Standard of Proof in Anti-Discrimination Law: Pointing with a Wavering Finger, The" (2003) 27 Melbourne University Law Review 308 Melbourne University Law Review Australia circa 2003 AustLII flag 10
Sharma v Legal Aid (Qld) [2002] FCAFC 196; (2002) 115 IR 91; [2002] EOC 93-231 Federal Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 21 Jun 2002 AustLII flag 76
"Context and Interpretation in Anti-Discrimination Law" (2002) 26 Melbourne University Law Review 325 Melbourne University Law Review Australia circa 2002 AustLII flag 24
Booth v Bosworth [2001] FCA 1453; (2001) 114 FCR 39; (2001) 114 FLR 39; (2001) 117 LGERA 168 Federal Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 17 Oct 2001 AustLII flag 63
Anya v University of Oxford [2001] EWCA Civ 405; [2001] IRLR 377; [2001] ICR 847; [2001] Emp LR 509; [2001] ELR 711 England and Wales Court of Appeal - Civil Division United Kingdom - England and Wales 22 Mar 2001 BAILII flag 367
I v O'Rourke and Corinda State High School and Minister for Education for Queensland [2001] QADT 1 Anti-Discrimination Tribunal Queensland Australia - Queensland 31 Jan 2001 AustLII flag 1
"The Sex Discrimination (Indirect Discrimination and Burden of Proof) Regulations 2001 (Si 2001 No 2260)" (2001) 30 Industrial Law Journal 375 Industrial Law Journal United Kingdom circa 2001 HeinOnline / LexisNexis flag 1
Mitchell v Southern Health Board [2001] ELR 201 circa 2001 2
"Costs of Equal Opportunity, The" (2000) 25 Alternative Law Journal 125 Alternative Law Journal Australia circa 2000 HeinOnline flag 4
"The Burden of Proving Discrimination" (2000) 4 International Journal of Discrimination and the Law 95 International Journal of Discrimination and the Law circa 2000 1
Victoria v Macedonian Teachers ’ Association of Victoria Inc [1999] FCA 1287; (1999) 91 FCR 47; 56 ALD 333 Federal Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 16 Sep 1999 AustLII flag 60
Macedonian Teachers' Association of Victoria Inc v Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission [1998] FCA 1650; (1998) 91 FCR 8; (1998) 160 ALR 489; [1999] EOC 93-009 Federal Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 21 Dec 1998 AustLII flag 80
Parker v North Queensland Animal Refuge Inc [1998] QADT 4 Anti-Discrimination Tribunal Queensland Australia - Queensland 16 Mar 1998 AustLII flag 2
City Council of Pretoria v Walker 1998 3 BCLR 257 Canada - British Columbia circa 1998 flag 18
Fair Employment and Treatment (Northern Ireland) Order [1998] NI 21 United Kingdom - Northern Ireland circa 1998 LexisNexis flag 1
Nathan v Bailey Gibson Ltd [1998] 2 IR 162 circa 1998 15
Glasgow City Council v Zafar [1997] UKHL 54; [1998] 2 All ER 953; [1997] 1 WLR 1659; [1998] IRLR 36; [1998] ICR 120; [1998] SLT 135; [1998] SC (HL) 27; (1997) 94 LSG 29 House of Lords United Kingdom - Scotland 27 Nov 1997 BAILII flag 293
[1997] NI 6 [1997] NI 6 United Kingdom - Northern Ireland circa 1997 LexisNexis flag 1
President of the Republic of South Africa v Hugo (1997) 6 BCLR 708 Canada - British Columbia circa 1997 flag 34
Neat Holdings Pty Ltd v Karajan Holdings Pty Ltd [1992] HCA 66; (1992) 110 CLR 445; (1992) 110 ALR 449; (1992) 67 ALJR 170 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 16 Dec 1992 AustLII flag 1776
Webb v EMO Air Cargo (UK) Ltd [1992] UKHL 15; [1992] 4 All ER 929; [1993] IRLR 27; [1993] ICR 175; [1993] 1 WLR 49 House of Lords United Kingdom 26 Nov 1992 BAILII flag 84
Fabre v Arenales (1992) 27 NSWLR 437; (1992) 15 MVR 303 Australia - New South Wales circa 1992 LexisNexis AU flag 210
King v Great Britain China Centre [1991] EWCA Civ 16; [1992] ICR 516; [1991] IRLR 513 England and Wales Court of Appeal - Civil Division United Kingdom - England and Wales 11 Oct 1991 BAILII flag 450
Hampson v Department of Education and Science [1990] 2 All ER 25 United Kingdom circa 1990 LexisNexis flag 4
Carrington v Helix Lighting Ltd [1990] IRLR 6 United Kingdom circa 1990 flag 8
"Problems of Proof in Equal Opportunity Cases" (1989) 63 Law Institute Journal 731 Law Institute Journal Australia - Victoria circa 1989 flag 1
Department of Health v Arumugam [1988] VicRp 42; [1988] VR 319; [1987] EOC 92-195 Australia - Victoria 2 Jun 1987 AustLII flag 143
Najdovska v Australian Iron and Steel Pty Ltd [1986] EOC 92 Australia circa 1986 flag 9
[1986] Ecr 1607 [1986] ECR 1607 Europe circa 1986 flag 61
Chamberlain v R (No 2) [1984] HCA 7; (1984) 153 CLR 521; (1984) 51 ALR 225; (1984) 58 ALJR 133 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 22 Feb 1984 AustLII flag 962
O'Callaghan v Loder [1984] EOC 92 Australia circa 1984 flag 12
Perera v Civil Service Commission [1983] IRLR 166; [1983] ICR 428 United Kingdom circa 1983 flag 22
Briginshaw v Briginshaw [1938] HCA 34; (1938) 60 CLR 336; [1938] ALR 334; 12 ALJR 100 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 14 Oct 1982 AustLII flag 10253
Virdee v EEC Quarries Ltd [1978] IRLR 295 United Kingdom circa 1978 flag 1
"Equal Opportunity Act - Tokenism or Prescription for Change, The" (1977-1978) 11 Melbourne University Law Review 503 Melbourne University Law Review Australia circa 1978 AustLII flag 2
"Problems of Proof in Employment Discrimination Cases" (1977) 6 Industrial Law Journal 212 Industrial Law Journal United Kingdom circa 1977 HeinOnline / LexisNexis flag 1
Sex Discrimination (Northern Ireland) Order [1976] NI 15 United Kingdom - Northern Ireland circa 1976 LexisNexis flag 4
Griggs v Duke Power Co 401 US 424; 28 L Ed 2d 158; 91 SCt 849 United States Supreme Court United States 8 Mar 1971 WorldLII flag 968
Jones v Dunkel [1959] HCA 8; (1959) 101 CLR 298; [1959] ALR 367; 32 ALJR 395; (1959) 18 CA 8 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 3 Mar 1959 AustLII flag 7863

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