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Christian Youth Camps Ltd v Cobaw Community Health Services Ltd   flag  43

[2014] VSCA 75; (2014) 50 VR 256; (2014) 308 ALR 615
Supreme Court of Victoria - Court of Appeal
Australia - Victoria
16th April, 2014

Cases Referring to this Case

Case Name Citation(s) Court Jurisdiction †  Date Full Text Citation Index
Yathirajam v Minister for Immigration (No 2) [2018] FCCA 1534 Federal Circuit Court of Australia Australia 2 Jul 2018 AustLII flag
Sharma v Minister for Immigration [2018] FCCA 1260 Federal Circuit Court of Australia Australia 25 May 2018 AustLII flag
Bishnoi v Star Track Express Pty Ltd [2024] FCA 808 Federal Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 24 Jul 2024 AustLII flag
Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v Prysmian Cavi E Sistemi SRL (No 12) [2016] FCA 822 Federal Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 20 Jul 2016 AustLII flag 7
Harbour Radio Pty Ltd v Australian Communications and Media Authority [2015] FCA 371; (2015) 231 FCR 329 Federal Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 23 Apr 2015 AustLII flag 3
OLI 1 Pty Ltd (in liq) v OLG 1 Pty Ltd (No 2) [2022] NSWSC 1199; (2022) 164 ACSR 171 Supreme Court of New South Wales Australia - New South Wales 7 Sep 2022 AustLII flag 5
Welsh v Biggin Pty Ltd [2023] QSC 34 Supreme Court of Queensland Australia - Queensland 2 Mar 2023 AustLII flag
Neumann v Brisbane Housing Co Ltd [2017] QCAT 213 Queensland Civil and Administrative Tribunal Australia - Queensland 30 May 2017 AustLII flag
Bell v iiNET Ltd [2017] QCAT 114 Queensland Civil and Administrative Tribunal Australia - Queensland 27 Jan 2017 AustLII flag 3
Secretary to the Department of Justice and Community Safety v TXD [2024] VSCA 169 Supreme Court of Victoria - Court of Appeal Australia - Victoria 30 Jul 2024 AustLII flag 1
Soo v Corrections Victoria Department of Justice and Community Safety (Human Rights) [2023] VCAT 135 Victorian Civil and Administrative Tribunal Australia - Victoria 10 Feb 2023 AustLII flag
Lanigan v Circus Oz [2022] VSC 35 Supreme Court of Victoria Australia - Victoria 9 Feb 2022 AustLII flag 8
France v Frankston City Council (Human Rights) [2021] VCAT 333 Victorian Civil and Administrative Tribunal Australia - Victoria 12 Apr 2021 AustLII flag
Fonterra Brands (Australia) Pty Ltd v Bega Cheese Ltd [2021] VSC 75; (2021) 159 IPR 494 Supreme Court of Victoria Australia - Victoria 25 Feb 2021 AustLII flag 9
Melbourne CC v 160 Leicester Pty Ltd [2020] VCAT 1255 Victorian Civil and Administrative Tribunal Australia - Victoria 10 Nov 2020 AustLII flag 5
Moira Shire Council v Sidebottom Group Pty Ltd (No 3) [2018] VSC 556 Supreme Court of Victoria Australia - Victoria 1 Oct 2018 AustLII flag 7
Perpetual Ltd v Myer Pty Ltd [2018] VSC 2 Supreme Court of Victoria Australia - Victoria 29 Jan 2018 AustLII flag 13
Arora v Melton Christian College (Human Rights) [2017] VCAT 1507 Victorian Civil and Administrative Tribunal Australia - Victoria 19 Sep 2017 AustLII flag 2
Perera v Warehouse Solutions Pty Ltd (Human Rights) [2017] VCAT 1267 Victorian Civil and Administrative Tribunal Australia - Victoria 23 Aug 2017 AustLII flag 2
Djime v Kearnes [2015] VCAT 2055 Victorian Civil and Administrative Tribunal Australia - Victoria 23 Dec 2015 AustLII flag 3
Pearson v Martin [2015] VSC 696 Supreme Court of Victoria Australia - Victoria 9 Dec 2015 AustLII flag 4
Erlich v Leifer [2015] VSC 499 Supreme Court of Victoria Australia - Victoria 16 Sep 2015 AustLII flag 23
A B v Victims of Crimes Assistance Tribunal [2015] VSC 245 Supreme Court of Victoria Australia - Victoria 5 Jun 2015 AustLII flag 1
Aquilina v Transport Accident Commission [2015] VSC 117 Supreme Court of Victoria Australia - Victoria 1 Apr 2015 AustLII flag 1
Christian Youth Camps Ltd v Cobaw Community Health Services Ltd [2014] VSCA 112 Supreme Court of Victoria - Court of Appeal Australia - Victoria 6 Jun 2014 AustLII flag 1
Sandri v O ’ Driscoll [2014] VSCA 109 Supreme Court of Victoria - Court of Appeal Australia - Victoria 2 Jun 2014 AustLII flag 4
Attorney General v Vatuvonu Seventh Day Adventist College [2021] FJCA 115 Court of Appeal of Fiji Fiji 3 Jun 2021 PacLII flag 1
Ryan v Health and Disability Commissioner [2023] NZSC 42 Supreme Court of New Zealand New Zealand 28 Apr 2023 NZLII flag 1
Papua New Guinea Law Society v Cooper [2017] PGSC 10 Supreme Court of Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea 5 May 2017 PacLII flag 3

Law Journal Articles Referring to this Case

Journal Article Title Citation(s) Author Jurisdiction †  Date Full Text Citation Index
"Employment Discrimination by Algorithm: Can Anyone Be Held Accountable?" (2022) 45 University of New South Wales Law Journal 617 Sheard, Natalie Australia circa 2022 AustLII flag
"The 'Religious Questions' Doctrine: Addressing (Secular) Judicial Incompetence" (2021) 47 Monash University Law Review 60 Deagon, Alex Australia circa 2021 AustLII flag
"Maintaining Religious Identity in Hiring in Faith-Based Schools: A Comparative Analysis of Australia and New Zealand" (2019) 22 International Journal of Law and Education 32 Thompson, Keith Australia circa 2019 AustLII flag
"Should Ethical Vegans Have a Beef with the Definition of Religion?" [2019] VicULawJJl 5 Barker, Renae Australia circa 2019 AustLII flag
"The law on vicarious liability: recent developments" [2017] PrecedentAULA 73 (2017) 143 Precedent 38 Seeman, David Australia circa 2017 AustLII flag
"Sexual Orientation and 'Gay Wedding Cake' Cases Under Australian Anti-Discrimination Legislation: A Fuller Approach to Religious Exemptions" (2017) 38 Adelaide Law Review 149 Elphick, Liam Australia circa 2017 AustLII flag 1
"Marriage, Tradition, Multiculturalism and the Accommodation of Difference in Australia" (2016) 18 University of Notre Dame Australia Law Review 71 Quinlan, Michael Australia circa 2016 AustLII flag
"The Reconciliation of Freedom of Religion with Anti-Discrimination Rights" (2016) 42 Monash University Law Review 72 Gray, Anthony Australia circa 2016 AustLII flag 2
"Balancing Religious Freedom and Anti-Discrimination: Christian Youth Camps Ltd v Cobaw Community Health Service Ltd" (2016) 40 Melbourne University Law Review 594 Murphy, Bobbi Australia circa 2016 AustLII flag 4
"The Principle of Legality: Issues of Rationale and Application" (2015) 41 Monash University Law Review 329 Chen, Bruce Australia circa 2015 AustLII flag 7
"Corporations and Freedom of Religion: Australia and the United States Compared" (2015) 37 Sydney Law Review 329 Rajanayagam, Shawn; Evans, Carolyn Australia circa 2015 AustLII flag
"The Merits of the Inherent Requirement Test for Regulating the Employment Decisions of Religious Schools under Anti-Discrimination Legislation" [2015] WAJurist 2 Walsh, Greg Australia circa 2015 AustLII flag
"Respecting the dignity of Religious Organisations: When is it appropriate for Courts to decide Religious Doctrine?" (2020) 47 University of Western Australia Law Review 175 Foster, Neil Australia - Western Australia circa 2020 AustLII flag 1
"Drawing the boundaries: The Scope of the Religious Bodies Exemptions in Australian Anti-Discrimination Law and Implications for Reform" (2020) 47 University of Western Australia Law Review 112 Moulds, Sarah Australia - Western Australia circa 2020 AustLII flag

Legislation Cited

Legislation Name Provision
Age Discrimination Act 2004 (Cth) s57
Acts Interpretation Act 1901 (Cth)
Corporations Act 2001 (Cth) s629, s731, s769B, s792B
Competition and Consumer Act 2010 (Cth) s84
Disability Discrimination Act 1992 (Cth) s57, s123
Freedom of Information Act 1982 (Cth) s12, s77
Migration Act 1958 (Cth)
Racial Discrimination Act 1975 (Cth)
Trade Practices Act 1974 (Cth)
Anti-Discrimination Act 1977 (NSW) s53, s30, s31
Church of England (Bodies Corporate) Act 1938 (NSW) s34, s39, s77
Forest Practices Act 1985 (Tas) s47C
Charter of Human Rights and Responsibilities Act 2006 (Vic) s2, s32
Defamation Act 2005 (Vic)
Equal Opportunity Act 2010 (Vic) s75, s77
Interpretation of Legislation Act 1984 (Vic) s8, s9, s21, s34, s36
Racial and Religious Tolerance Act 2001 (Vic) s17
Victorian Civil and Administrative Tribunal Act 1998 (Vic) s148
Victorian Act (Vic) s84
Equal Opportunity Act 1977 (Vic)
Equal Opportunity Act 1984 (Vic)
Equal Opportunity Act 1995 (Vic)
Occupational Health and Safety Act 1985 (Vic)
Religious Successory and Charitable Trusts Act 1958 (Vic) s84
Protected Disclosure Act 2012 (Vic) s48, s3, s4, s6, s8, s42, s47, s49, s58, s75, s77, s98, s102, s209
Boxing Control Act 1987 (WA)
Door To Door Trading Act 1987 (WA) s20
Human Rights Act 1998

Cases and Articles Cited

Case Name Citation(s) Court Jurisdiction †  Date Full Text Citation Index
Al-Kateb v Godwin [2004] HCA 37; (2004) 219 CLR 562; (2004) 208 ALR 124; (2004) 78 ALJR 1099; 79 ALD 233 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 6 Aug 2004 AustLII flag 720
Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs v B [2004] HCA 20; (2004) 219 CLR 365; [2004] FLC 93-174; 206 ALR 130; (2004) 78 ALJR 737; 31 Fam LR 339; 77 ALD 640 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 29 Apr 2004 AustLII flag 203
Kelly v R [2004] HCA 12; (2004) 218 CLR 216; 205 ALR 274; (2004) 78 ALJR 538 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 10 Mar 2004 AustLII flag 405
Bropho v Human Rights & Equal Opportunity Commission [2004] FCAFC 16; (2004) 135 FCR 105; (2004) 204 ALR 761; (2004) 77 ALD 331; [2004] EOC 93-313 Federal Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 6 Feb 2004 AustLII flag 167
Attorney-General (WA) v Marquet [2003] HCA 67; (2003) 217 CLR 545; (2003) 202 ALR 233; (2003) 78 ALJR 105 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 13 Nov 2003 AustLII flag 151
Purvis v New South Wales [2003] HCA 62; (2003) 217 CLR 92; (2003) 202 ALR 133; (2003) 78 ALJR 1; (2003) 77 ALD 570; [2004] EOC 93-305 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 11 Nov 2003 AustLII flag 704
Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs v Al Masri [2003] FCAFC 70; (2003) 126 FCR 54; (2003) 197 ALR 241; 73 ALD 609 Federal Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 15 Apr 2003 AustLII flag 210
Plaintiff S157/2002 v Commonwealth [2003] HCA 2; (2003) 211 CLR 476; (2003) 195 ALR 24; (2003) 77 ALJR 454; (2003) 24 Leg Rep 2 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 4 Feb 2003 AustLII flag 4575
Cook v Benson [2003] HCA 36; (2003) 214 CLR 370; 198 ALR 218; 77 ALJR 1292; 53 ATR 195 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth circa 2003 AustLII flag 23
Commissioner of State Revenue v Pioneer Concrete (Vic) Pty Ltd [2002] HCA 43; (2002) 209 CLR 651; (2002) 192 ALR 56; (2002) 76 ALJR 1534; (2002) 23 Leg Rep 8; (2002) 54 IPR 449; [2002] AIPC 91-800; (2002) 51 ATR 108 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 4 Oct 2002 AustLII flag 85
Samad v District Court of New South Wales (2002) 209 CLR 140; 189 ALR 1; (2002) 23 Leg Rep 2 Australia - Commonwealth circa 2002 Legal Online / Westlaw flag 73
Hollis v Vabu Pty Ltd [2001] HCA 44; (2001) 207 CLR 21; (2001) 181 ALR 263; (2001) 75 ALJR 1356; (2001) 106 IR 80; (2001) 47 ATR 559; (2001) 50 AILR 4-476; [2001] Aust Torts Reports 81-615; (2001) 33 MVR 399 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 9 Aug 2001 AustLII flag 1025
Australian Broadcasting Corporation v Lenah Game Meats Pty Ltd [2001] HCA 63; (2001) 208 CLR 199; (2001) 185 ALR 1; (2001) 54 IPR 161; [2001] Aust Torts Reports 81-627; (2001) 76 ALJR 1; (2001) 22 Leg Rep 11 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth circa 2001 AustLII flag 1162
Scott v Davis [2000] HCA 52; (2000) 204 CLR 333; (2000) 175 ALR 217; (2000) 74 ALJR 1410; [2000] Aust Torts Reports 81-573; (2000) 32 MVR 1 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth circa 2000 AustLII flag 228
South-West Forest Defence Foundation (No 2) v Department of Conservation & Land Management (No 2) [1998] HCA 35; (1998) 194 CLR 355; (1998) 154 ALR 411; (1998) 72 ALJR 1008; (1998) 101 LGERA 114; (1998) 10 Leg Rep 26 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 20 May 1998 AustLII flag 5350
Kartinyeri v The Commonwealth (1998) 195 CLR 337 Australia - Commonwealth circa 1998 Legal Online / Westlaw flag 339
IW v City of Perth (People Living with AIDs case) [1997] HCA 30; (1997) 191 CLR 1; (1997) 146 ALR 696; (1997) 94 LGERA 224; (1997) 71 ALJR 943; [1997] EOC 92-892; (1997) 13 Leg Rep 12 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 31 Jul 1997 AustLII flag 846
Minister for Immigration and Ethnic Affairs v Teoh [1995] HCA 20; (1995) 183 CLR 273; (1995) 128 ALR 353; (1995) 69 ALJR 423; (1995) 39 ALD 206; [1995] EOC 92-696; [1996] 1 CHRLD 67; (1995) 7 Leg Rep 18 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 7 Apr 1995 AustLII flag 1847
Hepples v FCT [1992] HCA 3; (1992) 173 CLR 492; (1992) 104 ALR 616; (1992) 22 ATR 852; 66 ALJR 231 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 12 Feb 1992 AustLII flag 169
Waters v Public Transport Corporation [1991] HCA 49; (1992) 173 CLR 349; (1991) 103 ALR 513; (1991) 66 ALJR 47; [1991] EOC 92-390 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 3 Dec 1991 AustLII flag 963
Ravinder Rohini Pty Ltd v Krizaic [1991] FCA 318; (1991) 30 FCR 300; (1991) 105 ALR 593 Federal Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 19 Jul 1991 AustLII flag 45
Coke J and Northside Developments Pty Ltd v Registrar-General [1990] HCA 32; (1990) 170 CLR 146; 93 ALR 385; (1990) 8 ACLC 611; (1990) 64 ALJR 427; 2 ACSR 161 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 28 Jun 1990 AustLII flag 330
Concrete Constructions (NSW) Pty Ltd v Nelson [1990] HCA 17; (1990) 169 CLR 594; (1990) 92 ALR 193; 17 IPR 39; (1990) 64 ALJR 293; [1990] Aust Torts Reports 81-020; [1990] ATPR 41-022; [1990] ASC 55-970 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 3 May 1990 AustLII flag 663
Rose v Secretary, Department of Social Security [1990] FCA 59; (1990) 21 FCR 241; (1990) 92 ALR 521; (1990) 19 ALD 601; 11 AAR 291 Federal Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 9 Mar 1990 AustLII flag 102
Australian Broadcasting Tribunal v Bond (1990) 170 CLR 321 Australia - Commonwealth circa 1990 Legal Online / Westlaw flag 3521
Australian Iron & Steel Pty Ltd v Banovic [1989] HCA 56; (1989) 168 CLR 165; (1989) 89 ALR 1; (1989) 29 IR 398; [1989] EOC 92-271; (1989) 64 ALJR 53 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 5 Dec 1989 AustLII flag 332
Hamilton v Whitehead [1988] HCA 65; (1988) 166 CLR 121; (1988) 82 ALR 626; (1988) 63 ALJR 80; (1989) 7 ACLC 34; 14 ACLR 493; [1989] ATPR 40-923 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 7 Dec 1988 AustLII flag 294
Coulton v Holcombe [1986] HCA 33; (1986) 162 CLR 1; 65 ALR 656; (1986) 60 ALJR 470 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 19 Jun 1986 AustLII flag 1904
Walplan Pty Ltd v Wallace [1985] FCA 619; (1985) 8 FCR 27; 63 ALR 453; [1986] ATPR 40-650 Federal Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 19 Dec 1985 AustLII flag 89
Church of the New Faith v Commissioner of Pay-roll Tax (Vict) [1983] HCA 40; (1983) 154 CLR 120; (1983) 49 ALR 65; (1984) 57 ALJR 785; (1983) 14 ATR 769 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 27 Oct 1983 AustLII flag 162
Trade Practices Commission v Tubemakers of Australia Ltd [1983] FCA 99; (1983) 76 FLR 455; (1983) 47 ALR 719; [1983] ATPR 40-358; (1983) 5 TPR 321 Federal Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth circa 1983 AustLII flag 76
Hornsby Building Information Centre Pty Ltd v Sydney Building Information Centre Ltd [1978] HCA 11; (1978) 140 CLR 216; (1978) 18 ALR 639; [1978] ATPR 40-067; (1978) 52 ALJR 392; (1978) 3 TPC 244; [1978] ASC 55-010; (1978) 1B IPR 818; 18 A Crim R 639 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 19 Apr 1978 AustLII flag 702
Motel Marine Pty Ltd v IAC (Finance) Pty Ltd [1964] HCA 7; (1964) 110 CLR 9; [1964] ALR 804; 37 ALJR 425 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 25 Feb 1964 AustLII flag 23
Mallan v Lee [1949] HCA 48; (1949) 80 CLR 198; [1949] ALR 992 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 10 Nov 1949 AustLII flag 112
Grain Elevators Board (Vic) v Dunmunkle Corporation [1946] HCA 13; (1946) 73 CLR 70; [1946] ALR 273 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 31 May 1946 AustLII flag 199
Polites v Commonwealth [1945] HCA 3; (1945) 70 CLR 60; [1945] ALR 113; 12 ILR 208 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 10 Apr 1945 AustLII flag 208
Adelaide Co of Jehovah's Witnesses Inc v Commonwealth [1943] HCA 12; (1943) 67 CLR 116; [1943] ALR 193 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 14 Jun 1943 AustLII flag 184
Roman Catholic Archbishop of Melbourne v Lawlor [1934] HCA 14; (1934) 51 CLR 1; [1934] ALR 202; 8 CA 14 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 23 May 1934 AustLII flag 81
Morgan v Babcock & Wilcox Ltd [1929] HCA 25; (1929) 43 CLR 163; [1929] ALR 313 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth circa 1929 AustLII flag 164
Christie v Permewan, Wright & Co Ltd [1904] HCA 35; (1904) 1 CLR 693; 10 ALR 234 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 8 Nov 1904 AustLII flag 32
OLI 1 Pty Ltd (in liq) v OLG 1 Pty Ltd (No 2) [2022] NSWSC 1199; (2022) 164 ACSR 171 Supreme Court of New South Wales Australia - New South Wales 7 Sep 2022 AustLII flag 5
Bunnings Group Ltd v CHEP Australia Ltd [2011] NSWCA 342; (2011) 82 NSWLR 420 Supreme Court of New South Wales - Court of Appeal Australia - New South Wales 10 Nov 2011 AustLII flag 70
OV and OW v Members of the Board of Wesley Mission Council [2010] NSWCA 155; (2010) 270 ALR 542; (2010) 79 NSWLR 606 Supreme Court of New South Wales - Court of Appeal Australia - New South Wales 6 Jul 2010 AustLII flag 39
TZ Ltd v ZMS Investments Pty Ltd [2009] NSWSC 1465 Supreme Court of New South Wales Australia - New South Wales 23 Dec 2009 AustLII flag 10
Presidential Security Services of Australia Pty Ltd v Brilley [2008] NSWCA 204; (2008) 73 NSWLR 241; (2008) 67 ACSR 692; (2008) 188 A Crim R 299; 26 ACLC 984; [2008] Aust Torts Reports 81-968 Supreme Court of New South Wales - Court of Appeal Australia - New South Wales 9 Sep 2008 AustLII flag 38
Nationwide News Pty Ltd v Naidu [2007] NSWCA 377; (2007) 71 NSWLR 471; [2007] Aust Torts Reports 81-928 Supreme Court of New South Wales - Court of Appeal Australia - New South Wales 21 Dec 2007 AustLII flag 145
North Sydney Council v Roman [2007] NSWCA 27; (2007) 69 NSWLR 240; (2007) 150 LGERA 419 Supreme Court of New South Wales - Court of Appeal Australia - New South Wales 27 Feb 2007 AustLII flag 45
Director General, Department of Education and Training v MT [2006] NSWCA 270; (2006) 67 NSWLR 237 Supreme Court of New South Wales - Court of Appeal Australia - New South Wales 29 Sep 2006 AustLII flag 98
NSW Breeding and Racing Stables Pty Ltd v v and X [2005] NSWCA 114 Supreme Court of New South Wales - Court of Appeal Australia - New South Wales 14 Apr 2005 AustLII flag 4
Commissioner of Police v Estate of Russell [2002] NSWCA 272; (2002) 194 ALR 319; (2002) 55 NSWLR 232; (2002) 118 IR 144; [2002] EOC 93-243 Supreme Court of New South Wales - Court of Appeal Australia - New South Wales 20 Aug 2002 AustLII flag 73
AAPT Ltd v Cable & Wireless Optus Ltd [1999] NSWSC 509; (1999) 32 ACSR 63; 17 ACLC 974 Supreme Court of New South Wales Australia - New South Wales 4 Jun 1999 AustLII flag 17
Shellharbour Golf Club Ltd v Wheeler (1999) 46 NSWLR 253 Australia - New South Wales circa 1999 LexisNexis AU flag 12
Glebe Administration Board v Commissioner of Pay-roll Tax (NSW) (1987) 10 NSWLR 352; 19 ATR 297 Australia - New South Wales circa 1987 LexisNexis AU flag 20
McRae v Coulton (1986) 7 NSWLR 644 Australia - New South Wales circa 1986 LexisNexis AU flag 84
Pinecot Pty Ltd v Anti-Discrimination Commissioner [2001] NTSC 107; (2001) 165 FLR 25 Supreme Court of the Northern Territory Australia - Northern Territory 30 Nov 2001 AustLII flag 7
Welsh v Biggin Pty Ltd [2023] QSC 34 Supreme Court of Queensland Australia - Queensland 2 Mar 2023 AustLII flag
Neumann v Brisbane Housing Co Ltd [2017] QCAT 213 Queensland Civil and Administrative Tribunal Australia - Queensland 30 May 2017 AustLII flag
Bell v iiNET Ltd [2017] QCAT 114 Queensland Civil and Administrative Tribunal Australia - Queensland 27 Jan 2017 AustLII flag 3
Battye v Shammall [2005] SASC 138; (2005) 91 SASR 315 Supreme Court of South Australia Australia - South Australia 14 Apr 2005 AustLII flag 18
Brambles Holdings Ltd v Carey (1976) 15 SASR 270; (1976) 2 ACLR 176 Supreme Court of South Australia Australia - South Australia circa 1976 Legal Online / Westlaw flag 89
Secretary to the Department of Justice and Community Safety v TXD [2024] VSCA 169 Supreme Court of Victoria - Court of Appeal Australia - Victoria 30 Jul 2024 AustLII flag 1
Soo v Corrections Victoria Department of Justice and Community Safety (Human Rights) [2023] VCAT 135 Victorian Civil and Administrative Tribunal Australia - Victoria 10 Feb 2023 AustLII flag
Lanigan v Circus Oz [2022] VSC 35 Supreme Court of Victoria Australia - Victoria 9 Feb 2022 AustLII flag 8
France v Frankston City Council (Human Rights) [2021] VCAT 333 Victorian Civil and Administrative Tribunal Australia - Victoria 12 Apr 2021 AustLII flag
Fonterra Brands (Australia) Pty Ltd v Bega Cheese Ltd [2021] VSC 75; (2021) 159 IPR 494 Supreme Court of Victoria Australia - Victoria 25 Feb 2021 AustLII flag 9
Melbourne CC v 160 Leicester Pty Ltd [2020] VCAT 1255 Victorian Civil and Administrative Tribunal Australia - Victoria 10 Nov 2020 AustLII flag 5
Moira Shire Council v Sidebottom Group Pty Ltd (No 3) [2018] VSC 556 Supreme Court of Victoria Australia - Victoria 1 Oct 2018 AustLII flag 7
Perpetual Ltd v Myer Pty Ltd [2018] VSC 2 Supreme Court of Victoria Australia - Victoria 29 Jan 2018 AustLII flag 13
Arora v Melton Christian College (Human Rights) [2017] VCAT 1507 Victorian Civil and Administrative Tribunal Australia - Victoria 19 Sep 2017 AustLII flag 2
Perera v Warehouse Solutions Pty Ltd (Human Rights) [2017] VCAT 1267 Victorian Civil and Administrative Tribunal Australia - Victoria 23 Aug 2017 AustLII flag 2
Djime v Kearnes [2015] VCAT 2055 Victorian Civil and Administrative Tribunal Australia - Victoria 23 Dec 2015 AustLII flag 3
Pearson v Martin [2015] VSC 696 Supreme Court of Victoria Australia - Victoria 9 Dec 2015 AustLII flag 4
Erlich v Leifer [2015] VSC 499 Supreme Court of Victoria Australia - Victoria 16 Sep 2015 AustLII flag 23
A B v Victims of Crimes Assistance Tribunal [2015] VSC 245 Supreme Court of Victoria Australia - Victoria 5 Jun 2015 AustLII flag 1
Aquilina v Transport Accident Commission [2015] VSC 117 Supreme Court of Victoria Australia - Victoria 1 Apr 2015 AustLII flag 1
Christian Youth Camps Ltd v Cobaw Community Health Services Ltd [2014] VSCA 112 Supreme Court of Victoria - Court of Appeal Australia - Victoria 6 Jun 2014 AustLII flag 1
Sandri v O ’ Driscoll [2014] VSCA 109 Supreme Court of Victoria - Court of Appeal Australia - Victoria 2 Jun 2014 AustLII flag 4
MyEnvironment Inc v VicForests [2013] VSCA 356; (2013) 42 VR 456; (2013) 306 ALR 624; (2013) 198 LGERA 396 Supreme Court of Victoria - Court of Appeal Australia - Victoria 10 Dec 2013 AustLII flag 26
Rigby v Whitecliffs to Cameron Bight Foreshore (Human Rights) [2013] VCAT 1314 Victorian Civil and Administrative Tribunal Australia - Victoria 14 Mar 2013 AustLII flag 1
Kozanoglu v Pharmacy Board of Australia [2012] VSCA 295; (2012) 36 VR 656 Supreme Court of Victoria - Court of Appeal Australia - Victoria 12 Dec 2012 AustLII flag 128
DFJ v Secretary to the Dept of Justice [2012] VSCA 177; (2012) 36 VR 66 Supreme Court of Victoria - Court of Appeal Australia - Victoria 14 Aug 2012 AustLII flag 12
WBM v Chief Commissioner of Police [2012] VSCA 159; (2012) 43 VR 446; (2012) 230 A Crim R 322 Supreme Court of Victoria - Court of Appeal Australia - Victoria 30 Jul 2012 AustLII flag 70
Parr v Steamrail Victoria (Anti-Discrimination) [2012] VCAT 678 Victorian Civil and Administrative Tribunal Australia - Victoria 25 May 2012 AustLII flag 2
Collier v Austin Health [2011] VSC 344; (2011) 36 VR 1 Supreme Court of Victoria Australia - Victoria 27 Jul 2011 AustLII flag 13
MBF Investments Pty Ltd v Nolan [2011] VSCA 114; (2011) 37 VR 116; (2011) 5 BFRA 586 Supreme Court of Victoria - Court of Appeal Australia - Victoria 20 Apr 2011 AustLII flag 54
SAF v ZON Pty Ltd (Anti-Discrimination) [2011] VCAT 88 Victorian Civil and Administrative Tribunal Australia - Victoria 25 Jan 2011 AustLII flag 1
Cobaw Community Health Services v Christian Youth Camps Ltd [2010] VCAT 1613 Victorian Civil and Administrative Tribunal Australia - Victoria 8 Oct 2010 AustLII flag 24
Gantley Pty Ltd v Phoenix International Group Pty Ltd [2010] VSC 106 Supreme Court of Victoria Australia - Victoria 31 Mar 2010 AustLII flag 72
R v Momcilovic [2010] VSCA 50; (2010) 25 VR 436; (2010) 265 ALR 751 Supreme Court of Victoria - Court of Appeal Australia - Victoria 17 Mar 2010 AustLII flag 135
Victoria v Turner [2009] VR 110 Australia - Victoria circa 2009 LexisNexis AU flag 3
Victorian WorkCover Authority v Michaels (2009) 26 VR 88 Australia - Victoria circa 2009 LexisNexis AU flag 6
Towie v Victoria [2007] VCAT 1489 Victorian Civil and Administrative Tribunal Australia - Victoria 22 Aug 2007 AustLII flag 23
Bayside Health v Hilton (Anti Discrimination) [2007] VCAT 1483 Victorian Civil and Administrative Tribunal Australia - Victoria 16 Aug 2007 AustLII flag 7
Catch the Fire Ministries Inc v Islamic Council of Victoria Inc [2006] VSCA 284; (2006) 15 VR 207; (2006) 206 FLR 56; (2006) 235 ALR 750 Supreme Court of Victoria - Court of Appeal Australia - Victoria 14 Dec 2006 AustLII flag 83
XYZ v State Trustees Ltd [2006] VSC 444; (2006) 25 VAR 402 Supreme Court of Victoria Australia - Victoria 22 Nov 2006 AustLII flag 122
R v Commercial Industrial Construction Group Pty Ltd [2006] VSCA 181; (2006) 14 VR 321 Supreme Court of Victoria - Court of Appeal Australia - Victoria 8 Sep 2006 AustLII flag 70
Torres v Monash University (Anti Discrimination) [2006] VCAT 1208 Victorian Civil and Administrative Tribunal Australia - Victoria 9 May 2006 AustLII flag 1
ABC Developmental Learning Centres Pty Ltd v Wallace [2006] VSC 171; (2007) 16 VR 409; 161 A Crim R 250 Supreme Court of Victoria Australia - Victoria 3 May 2006 AustLII flag 22
Royal Women's Hospital v Medical Practitioners Board of Victoria [2006] VSCA 85; (2006) 15 VR 22 Supreme Court of Victoria - Court of Appeal Australia - Victoria 20 Apr 2006 AustLII flag 87
NIML Ltd v MAN Financial Australia Ltd (2006) 15 VR 156 Australia - Victoria circa 2006 LexisNexis AU flag 16
Collection House Ltd v Taylor [2004] VSC 49; (2004) 21 VAR 333; [2004] ATPR 41-989 Supreme Court of Victoria Australia - Victoria 3 Mar 2004 AustLII flag 42
Central Bayside Division of General Practice Ltd v Commissioner of State Revenue [2003] VSC 285; (2003) 53 ATR 473 Supreme Court of Victoria Australia - Victoria 15 Aug 2003 AustLII flag 9
Perrett-Abrahams v Qantas Airways Ltd [2000] VCAT 1634 Victorian Civil and Administrative Tribunal Australia - Victoria 31 Aug 2000 AustLII flag 1
Wong v Carter [2000] VSCA 53 Supreme Court of Victoria - Court of Appeal Australia - Victoria 19 Apr 2000 AustLII flag 20
Jubber v Revival Centres International [1998] VADT 62 Victorian Anti-Discrimination Tribunal Australia - Victoria 7 Apr 1998 AustLII flag 4
S v Crimes Compensation Tribunal [1998] 1 VR 83 Australia - Victoria circa 1998 LexisNexis AU flag 317
Public Prosecutions, Director of (Vic) (Reference No 1 of 1996) [1998] 3 VR 352; (1997) 96 A Crim R 513 Australia - Victoria circa 1997 LexisNexis AU flag 30
University of Ballarat v Bridges [1995] VICSC 90; [1995] VicRp 63; [1995] 2 VR 418; (1995) 58 IR 300 Supreme Court of Victoria - Court of Appeal Australia - Victoria 4 Apr 1995 AustLII flag 28
State Electricity Commission of Victoria v Equal Opportunity Board [1989] VicRp 46; [1989] VR 480; [1989] EOC 92-259 Australia - Victoria 29 Sep 1988 AustLII flag 12
"Drawing the boundaries: The Scope of the Religious Bodies Exemptions in Australian Anti-Discrimination Law and Implications for Reform" (2020) 47 University of Western Australia Law Review 112 Moulds, Sarah Australia - Western Australia circa 2020 AustLII flag
"Respecting the dignity of Religious Organisations: When is it appropriate for Courts to decide Religious Doctrine?" (2020) 47 University of Western Australia Law Review 175 Foster, Neil Australia - Western Australia circa 2020 AustLII flag 1
Egan v Canada [1995] 2 SCR 513; (1995) 29 CRR (2d) 79; (1995) 124 DLR (4th) 609; (1995) 12 RFL (4th) 201; [1996] 2 CHRLD 182; 186 NR 161; 95 CLLC 210-025 Supreme Court of Canada Canada 25 May 1995 Supreme Court of Canada flag 79
R v Edwards Books and Art Ltd [1986] 2 SCR 713; (1986) 55 CR (3d) 193; (1986) 35 DLR (4th) 1; 30 CCC (3d) 385; 86 CLLC 14 Supreme Court of Canada Canada circa 1986 flag 91
In the Matter of Marriage Commissioners appointed under the Marriage Act [2011] SKCA 3 Court of Appeal for Saskatchewan Canada - Saskatchewan circa 2011 CanLII flag 1
Eweida v The United Kingdom [2013] ECHR 37 European Court of Human Rights Europe 15 Jan 2013 BAILII flag 9
Eweida v United Kingdom (2013) 57 EHRR 8 European Court of Human Rights Europe circa 2013 flag 27
Church of Scientology Moscow v Russia - 18147/02 [2007] ECHR 258; (2008) 46 EHRR 16 European Court of Human Rights Europe 5 Apr 2007 BAILII flag 1
(2002) 34 Ehrr 55 (2002) 34 EHRR 55 European Court of Human Rights Europe circa 2002 flag 18
Hasan and Chaush v Bulgaria (2000) 34 EHRR 1339 European Court of Human Rights Europe circa 2000 flag 10
Campbell and Cosans v United Kingdom [1983] ECHR 3; (1982) 4 EHRR 293 European Court of Human Rights Europe 22 Mar 1983 BAILII flag 59
Arrowsmith v The United Kingdom (1978) 3 EHRR 218 European Court of Human Rights Europe circa 1978 flag 24
Attorney General v Vatuvonu Seventh Day Adventist College [2021] FJCA 115 Court of Appeal of Fiji Fiji 3 Jun 2021 PacLII flag 1
Civil and Political Rights (1966) 999 UNTS 171 International circa 1966 flag 1329
Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (1950) 213 UNTS 221 International circa 1950 flag 363
Ryan v Health and Disability Commissioner [2023] NZSC 42 Supreme Court of New Zealand New Zealand 28 Apr 2023 NZLII flag 1
Linework Ltd v Department of Labour [2001] NZCA 125; [2001] 2 NZLR 639; [2001] ERNZ 80 Court of Appeal of New Zealand New Zealand 9 Apr 2001 NZLII flag 41
Living Word Distributors Ltd v Human Rights Action Group (Wellington) [2000] NZCA 179; [2000] 3 NZLR 570; (2000) 6 HRNZ 28; (2000) 18 CRNZ 81 Court of Appeal of New Zealand New Zealand 31 Aug 2000 NZLII flag 47
Credit Services Investments Ltd v Evans [1974] 2 NZLR 683 New Zealand circa 1974 LexisNexis flag 12
Papua New Guinea Law Society v Cooper [2017] PGSC 10 Supreme Court of Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea 5 May 2017 PacLII flag 3
Christian Education South Africa v Minister of Education [1998] ZACC 16; 1999 2 SA 83 Constitutional Court of South Africa South Africa 14 Oct 1998 SAFLII flag 20
[2014] 1 WLR 3741 [2014] 1 WLR 3741 United Kingdom circa 2014 LexisNexis / Westlaw flag 1
Bull v Hall [2013] UKSC 73; [2014] 1 All ER 919; [2013] 1 WLR 3741 United Kingdom Supreme Court United Kingdom 27 Nov 2013 BAILII flag 34
Eweida v The United Kingdom [2013] IRLR 243 United Kingdom circa 2013 flag 1
Black v Anor v Wilkinson [2013] 1 WLR 249 United Kingdom circa 2013 LexisNexis / Westlaw flag 1
Chaplin v Royal Devon & Exeter Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust [2010] ET 1702886/2009 United Kingdom circa 2009 flag 1
"Faith in the Future: Sexuality, Religion and the Public Sphere" (2009) 29 Oxford Journal of Legal Studies 729 Oxford Journal of Legal Studies United Kingdom circa 2009 HeinOnline / LexisNexis flag 3
R (on the application of Begum) v Governors of Denbigh High School [2006] UKHL 15; [2007] 1 AC 100; [2006] 2 All ER 487; [2006] 2 WLR 719; [2006] All ER (D) 329; (2006) 23 BHRC 276; [2006] UKHRR 708; [2006] HRLR 21 House of Lords United Kingdom 22 Mar 2006 BAILII flag 270
R (Williamson) v Secretary of State for Education and Employment [2005] UKHL 15; [2005] 2 AC 246; [2005] 2 All ER 1; [2005] 2 WLR 590; [2005] ELR 291 House of Lords United Kingdom 24 Feb 2005 BAILII flag 112
Ghaidan v Godin-Mendoza [2004] UKHL 30; [2004] 2 AC 557; [2004] 3 All ER 411; 16 BHRC 671; [2004] UKHRR 827; [2004] Fam Law 641; [2004] 3 WLR 113; [2004] 2 P & CR DG17 House of Lords United Kingdom 21 Jun 2004 BAILII flag 591
Wilson v First County Trust Ltd (No 2) [2003] UKHL 40; [2004] 1 AC 816; [2003] 4 All ER 97; [2003] 2 All ER (Comm) 491; [2003] 3 WLR 568; [2003] All ER (D) 187; [2003] UKHRR 1085; [2003] HRLR 33 House of Lords United Kingdom 10 Jul 2003 BAILII flag 412
Lister v Hesley Hall Ltd [2002] 1 AC 215 United Kingdom circa 2002 LexisNexis / Westlaw flag 198
Meridian Global Funds Management Asia Ltd v Securities Commission [1995] UKPC 5; [1995] 2 AC 500; [1995] 3 All ER 918; [1995] 3 WLR 413; [1995] BCC 942; [1995] 2 BCLC 116 Privy Council United Kingdom 26 Jun 1995 BAILII flag 346
Meridian Global Funds Management Asia Ltd v Securities Commission [1995] AC 500; [1995] All ER 918 United Kingdom circa 1995 LexisNexis / Westlaw flag 18
Fair Trading, Director General of v Pioneer Concrete (UK) Ltd; In re Supply of Ready Mixed Concrete (No2) [1995] 1 AC 456; [1995] 1 All ER 135; [1994] 3 WLR 1249 United Kingdom circa 1994 LexisNexis / Westlaw flag 106
Multinational Gas & Petrochemical Co v Multinational Gas & Petrochemical [1983] Ch 258; [1983] 2 All ER 563; [1983] 3 WLR 492 Court of Chancery United Kingdom circa 1983 LexisNexis / Westlaw flag 111
Tesco Supermarkets Ltd v Nattrass [1971] UKHL 1; [1972] AC 153; [1971] 2 All ER 127; [1971] 2 WLR 1166 House of Lords United Kingdom 31 Mar 1971 BAILII flag 598
H L Bolton (Engineering) Co Ltd v T J Graham & Sons Ltd [1957] 1 QB 159; [1956] 3 All ER 624 United Kingdom circa 1957 LexisNexis / Westlaw flag 170
Cassidy v Ministry of Health [1951] 2 KB 343; [1951] 1 All ER 574 United Kingdom circa 1951 LexisNexis / Westlaw flag 136
Moore v I Bresler Ltd [1944] 2 All ER 515 United Kingdom circa 1944 LexisNexis flag 28
Mousell Bros Ltd v L & NW Railway Co [1917] 2 KB 836; 87 LJKB 82; 118 LT 25; 81 JP 305 United Kingdom circa 1917 LexisNexis / Westlaw flag 59
Lennard's Carrying Co Ltd v Asiatic Petroleum Co Ltd [1915] AC 705; [1914-15] All ER 280 United Kingdom circa 1915 LexisNexis / Westlaw flag 259
Haq v Audit Commission [2013] EWCA Civ 1621; [2013] IRLR 213 England and Wales Court of Appeal - Civil Division United Kingdom - England and Wales circa 2013 BAILII flag 2
Khaira v Shergill [2012] EWCA Civ 983 England and Wales Court of Appeal - Civil Division United Kingdom - England and Wales 17 Jul 2012 BAILII flag 5
Hall v Bull [2012] EWCA Civ 83; [2012] 2 All ER 1017; [2012] 1 WLR 2514; [2012] All ER (D) 73 England and Wales Court of Appeal - Civil Division United Kingdom - England and Wales 10 Feb 2012 BAILII flag 10
McFarlane v Relate Avon Ltd [2010] EWCA Civ 880; [2010] IRLR 872; (2010) 29 BHRC 249 England and Wales Court of Appeal - Civil Division United Kingdom - England and Wales 29 Apr 2010 BAILII flag 22
Ca [2010] EWCA Civ 80; [2010] IRLR 322; [2010] ICR 890 England and Wales Court of Appeal - Civil Division United Kingdom - England and Wales 12 Feb 2010 BAILII flag 14
Islington London Borough Council v Ladele [2009] EWCA Civ 1357; [2010] 1 WLR 955; [2010] IRLR 211; [2010] ICR 532; [2009] All ER (D) 148 England and Wales Court of Appeal - Civil Division United Kingdom - England and Wales 15 Dec 2009 BAILII flag 34
R v Secretary of State for Trade and Industry; ex parte Amicus [2004] EWHC Admin 860 High Court of England and Wales United Kingdom - England and Wales circa 2004 BAILII flag 1
R v Gateway Foodmarkets Ltd [1996] EWCA Crim 1768; [1997] 3 All ER 78; [1997] 2 Cr App R 40; [1997] Crim LR 512; [1997] ICR 382 England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division United Kingdom - England and Wales 19 Dec 1996 BAILII flag 32
R v Ministry of Defence ex p Smith [1995] EWCA Civ 22; [1996] QB 517; [1996] 1 All ER 257; [1996] 2 WLR 305; [1996] ICR 740; [1996] IRLR 100; [1996] 2 CHRLD 266 England and Wales Court of Appeal - Civil Division United Kingdom - England and Wales 3 Nov 1995 BAILII flag 406
"Moral Conflict and Liberty: Gay Rights and Religion" (2006) 72 Brooklyn Law Review 61 Brooklyn Law Review United States circa 2006 HeinOnline / LexisNexis flag 3
"Generic Constitutional Law" (2005) 89 Minnesota Law Review 652 Minnesota Law Review United States circa 2005 HeinOnline / LexisNexis flag 8
Employment Division v Smith 494 US 872; 108 L Ed 2; 108 L Ed 2d 876; 110 SCt 1595 United States Supreme Court United States 4 Jun 1990 WorldLII flag 311
Citizens United v Federal Election Commission 558 US 310; 130 SCt 876 United States Supreme Court United States circa 2006 Westlaw flag 24
Ross v New Brunswick School District [1996] 1 SCR 825 circa 1996 33

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