- Misconduct in public office

[2020] EWLC 397

Law Commission

United Kingdom

Legislation Cited

Legislation Name	Provision
Proceeds of Crime Act 2002 (Cth)
Mental Health Act 1983 (NSW)
Interpretation Act 1978 (NT)
Independent Commissioner Against Corruption Act 2017 (NT)	s4, s16
State Buildings Protective Security Act 1983 (Qld)
Criminal Law Consolidation Act 1935 (SA)	s251
Independent Commissioner Against Corruption Act 2012 (SA)
Crimes Act 1961

Cases and Articles Cited

Case Name	Citation(s)	Court	Jurisdiction	Date	Full Text †	Citation Index
[2014] CompLRes 1065	[2014] CompLRes 1065	Computerisation of Law Resources (AustLII)	Australia	circa 2014	AustLII	1
Blackstock v R	[2013] NSWCCA 172	Supreme Court of New South Wales - Court of Criminal Appeal	Australia - New South Wales	23 Jul 2013	AustLII	19
R v Quach	[2010] VSCA 106; (2010) 27 VR 310; 201 A Crim R 522	Supreme Court of Victoria - Court of Appeal	Australia - Victoria	7 May 2010	AustLII	42
R v Barton and Booth	[2020] EWCA Crim 575; [2021] QB 685; [2020] 2 Cr App R 7	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	29 Apr 2020	BAILII	20
R v Reeves-Taylor (Agnes)	[2019] UKSC 51; [2019] 3 WLR 1073	United Kingdom Supreme Court	United Kingdom	13 Nov 2019	BAILII	1
Kuddus v R	[2019] EWCA Crim 837	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	16 May 2019	BAILII	2
R v Leyzell	[2019] EWCA Crim 385	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	circa 2019	BAILII	1
Johnson v Westminster Magistrates ’ Court	[2019] EWHC 1709	High Court of England and Wales	United Kingdom - England and Wales	circa 2019	BAILII	3
R v Pollard	[2019] EWCA Crim 1638	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	circa 2019	BAILII	1
R v Lomax	[2019] EWCA Crim 254	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	circa 2019	BAILII	1
R v Kadiri	[2017] EWCA Crim 2667; [2019] 1 Cr App R (S) 25	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	circa 2019	BAILII	1
R v Kurtz	[2018] EWCA Crim 2743	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	10 Dec 2018	BAILII	1
R (Purvis) v DPP	[2018] EWHC 1844	High Court of England and Wales	United Kingdom - England and Wales	circa 2018	BAILII	2
R (Monica) v DPP	[2018] EWHC 3508	High Court of England and Wales	United Kingdom - England and Wales	circa 2018	BAILII	1
R v Mungur	[2018] EWCA Crim 1062; [2018] 2 Cr App R (S) 33	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	circa 2018	BAILII	1
Ivey v Genting Casinos (UK) Ltd	[2017] UKSC 67; [2018] AC 391; [2017] 3 WLR 1212; [2017] 3 ELR 1212; [2018] 1 Cr App R 12; [2017] All ER (D) 134	United Kingdom Supreme Court	United Kingdom	25 Oct 2017	BAILII	296
R v Honey Rose	[2017] EWCA Crim 1168; [2018] QB 328	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	31 Jul 2017	BAILII	7
R v Sellu	[2016] EWCA Crim 1716; [2017] 4 WLR 64	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	15 Nov 2016	BAILII	10
R v France	[2016] EWCA Crim 1588; [2016] 4 WLR 175	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	27 Oct 2016	BAILII	7
R v Norman	[2016] EWCA Crim 1564; [2017] 4 WLR 16	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	20 Oct 2016	BAILII	9
R v Jogee	[2016] UKSC 8; [2017] AC 387; [2016] 2 All ER 1; [2016] 2 WLR 681; [2016] 1 Cr App R 31	United Kingdom Supreme Court	United Kingdom	18 Feb 2016	BAILII	158
R v Rudling	[2016] EWCA 741	England and Wales Court of Appeal	United Kingdom - England and Wales	circa 2016	BAILII	2
R v Chapman	[2015] EWCA Crim 539; [2015] QB 883	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	26 Mar 2015	BAILII	9
R v Pace	[2014] EWCA Crim 186; [2014] 1 WLR 2867	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	circa 2014	BAILII	4
R v Mitchell	[2014] EWCA Crim 318; [2014] 2 Cr App R 2	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	circa 2014	BAILII	3
R v Turbill and Broadway	[2013] EWCA Crim 1422	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	12 Jul 2013	BAILII	1
R v Patel	[2013] EWCA Crim 965; [2013] Med LR 507	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	circa 2013	BAILII	2
R v Cosford	[2013] EWCA Crim 466; [2014] QB 81	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	circa 2013	BAILII	4
R v Killick	[2011] EWCA Crim 1608	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	29 Jun 2011	BAILII	7
R v DL	[2011] EWCA Crim 1259; [2011] 2 Cr App R 14	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	18 May 2011	BAILII	1
R v Stubbs	[2011] EWCA Crim 926	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	circa 2011	BAILII	1
R v Webster	[2010] EWCA Crim 2819; [2011] 1 Cr App R 16	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	1 Dec 2010	BAILII	5
R v Belton	[2010] EWCA Crim 2857; [2011] QB 934; [2010] All ER (D) 88	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	9 Nov 2010	BAILII	3
Grewal (Amanpreet Singh), R v	[2010] EWCA Crim 2448	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	10 Sep 2010	BAILII	1
R v W (M)	[2010] EWCA Crim 372; [2010] QB 787; [2010] 1 Cr App R 421; [2010] 3 WLR 165; [2010] All ER (D) 257	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	2 Mar 2010	BAILII	4
R v Gallagher	[2010] EWCA Crim 3201	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	circa 2010	BAILII	2
R (b) v DPP	[2009] EWHC 106; [2009] EWHC 106 (Admin); (2009) 106 BMLR 152; [2009] Crim LR 652; [2009] 1 Cr App R 580; [2009] 1 WLR 2072; [2009] All ER (D) 03; [2009] UKHRR 669; [2009] ACD 19	High Court of England and Wales	United Kingdom - England and Wales	27 Jan 2009	BAILII	17
R v Bannister	[2009] EWCA Crim 1571; [2010] 2 All ER 841; [2010] RTR 28; [2010] 1 WLR 870; [2009] All ER (D) 289	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	circa 2009	BAILII	4
YL v Birmingham City Council	[2007] UKHL 27; [2008] 1 AC 95; [2007] 3 All ER 957; [2007] 3 WLR 112; 96 BMLR 1	House of Lords	United Kingdom	20 Jun 2007	BAILII	72
[2007] Ewca Crim 760	[2007] EWCA Crim 760	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	circa 2007	BAILII	2
R v Saik	[2006] UKHL 18; [2007] 1 AC 18; [2006] 4 All ER 866; [2006] 2 WLR 993; [2006] All ER (D) 24; [2006] 2 Cr App R 26; [2006] Crim LR 998	House of Lords	United Kingdom	3 May 2006	BAILII	63
R v Kassim	[2005] EWCA Crim 1020; [2006] 1 Cr App R (S) 4	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	circa 2005	BAILII	2
R v Misra	[2004] EWCA Crim 2375; [2005] 1 Cr App R 21	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	circa 2005	BAILII	16
R v Rimmington	[2005] UKHL 63; [2006] 1 AC 459; [2006] 2 All ER 257; [2005] 3 WLR 982; [2006] 1 Cr App R 17; [2006] Crim LR 153; [2006] UKHRR 1; [2006] HRLR 3	House of Lords	United Kingdom	circa 2005	BAILII	117
Szoma v Secretary of State for Work and Pensions	[2005] UKHL 64; [2006] 1 AC 564; [2006] 1 All ER 1; [2005] 3 WLR 955; [2006] INLR 88; [2006] Imm AR 48; [2005] All ER (D) 315	House of Lords	United Kingdom	circa 2005	BAILII	30
Attorney General's Reference (No 3 of 2003), Re	[2004] EWCA Crim 868; [2005] QB 73; [2005] 1 All ER 490; [2005] 1 WLR 1857; [2004] 2 Cr App R 366; [2004] All ER (D) 111	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	7 Apr 2004	BAILII	50
[2004] Ukhl 50; [2004] 1 AC 1034	[2004] UKHL 50; [2004] 1 AC 1034	House of Lords	United Kingdom	circa 2004	BAILII	53
[2003] Ukhl 50; [2004] 1 AC 1034	[2003] UKHL 50; [2004] 1 AC 1034	House of Lords	United Kingdom	circa 2004	BAILII	52
[2004] Ewca Crim 631; [2004] QB 1418	[2004] EWCA Crim 631; [2004] QB 1418	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	circa 2004	BAILII	13
Sheldrake v DPP; Attorney General's Reference (No 4 of 2002)	[2004] UKHL 43; [2005] 1 AC 264; [2005] 1 All ER 237; [2004] 3 WLR 976; [2005] RTR 13; (2004) 168 JP 669; (2004) 17 BHRC 339; [2004] All ER (D) 169	House of Lords	United Kingdom	circa 2004	BAILII	139
R v Johnstone	[2003] UKHL 28; [2003] 3 All ER 884; (2003) 167 JP 281; [2003] 1 WLR 1736; [2003] All ER (D) 323; [2003] UKHRR 1239; [2003] HRLR 25; [2003] FSR 42; (2003) 167 JPN 453; [2003] 2 Cr App R 33	House of Lords	United Kingdom	22 May 2003	BAILII	82
R v Harris	[2018] EWCA Crim 2002	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	circa 2002	BAILII	1
R (on the application of Heather) v Leonard Cheshire Foundation	[2002] EWHC 1424	High Court of England and Wales	United Kingdom - England and Wales	circa 2002	BAILII
R v Lambert	[2001] UKHL 37; [2002] QB 1112; [2002] 1 All ER 2; [2001] 3 WLR 206; [2001] UKHRR 1074; [2001] Crim LR 806; [2001] 2 Cr App R 511	House of Lords	United Kingdom	5 Jul 2001	BAILII	61
Three Rivers District Council v Bank of England (No 3)	[2001] UKHL 16; [2001] 2 All ER 513; [2000] 2 WLR 15; [2001] Lloyds Rep Bank 125	House of Lords	United Kingdom	circa 2001	BAILII	496
A (Children) (Conjoined Twins: Surgical Separation), Re (conjoined twins/siamese twins case)	[2000] EWCA Civ 254; [2001] Fam 147; [2000] 4 All ER 961; (2000) 57 BMLR 1; [2001] Fam Law 18; [2000] Lloyds Rep Med 425; [2001] UKHRR 1; [2001] 2 WLR 480; [2000] HRLR 721; (2000) 9 BHRC 261	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Civil Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	circa 2000	BAILII	71
R v Woollin	[1998] UKHL 28; [1999] 1 AC 82; [1998] 4 All ER 103; [1998] 3 WLR 382; [1999] 1 Cr App R 8; [1998] Crim LR 890	House of Lords	United Kingdom	21 Jul 1998	BAILII	73
R v Keyte	[1997] EWCA Crim 3235; [1998] 2 Cr App R (S) 165	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	9 Dec 1997	BAILII	5
R v Burstow; R v Ireland	[1997] UKHL 34; [1998] AC 147; [1997] 4 All ER 225; [1998] 1 Cr App R 177; [1997] 3 WLR 534	House of Lords	United Kingdom	24 Jul 1997	BAILII	113
R v Adomako	[1994] UKHL 6; [1995] 1 AC 171; [1994] 3 All ER 79; [1994] 3 WLR 288; (1994) 99 Cr App R 362	House of Lords	United Kingdom	30 Jun 1994	BAILII	116
Kokkinakis v Greece	[1993] ECHR 20; (1994) 17 EHRR 397	European Court of Human Rights	Europe	25 May 1993	BAILII	67
R v R	[1991] UKHL 14	House of Lords	United Kingdom	23 Oct 1991	BAILII	1
R v Panel on Take-Overs & Mergers; Ex parte Datafin plc	[1986] EWCA Civ 8; [1987] QB 815; [1987] 1 All ER 564; [1987] 2 WLR 699; (1986) 2 BCC 99086	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Civil Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	14 Mar 1986	BAILII	327
R v Ghosh	[1982] EWCA Crim 2; [1982] QB 1053; [1982] 2 All ER 689; 75 Cr App R 154; [1982] 3 WLR 110; [1982] Crim LR 608	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	5 Apr 1982	BAILII	510
R v Miller	[1982] UKHL 6; [1983] 2 AC 161; [1983] 1 All ER 978; [1983] Crim LR 466; (1983) 77 Cr App R 17; [1983] 2 WLR 539	House of Lords	United Kingdom	17 Mar 1982	BAILII	28
Sunday Times v United Kingdom	[1979] ECHR 1; (1979-80) 2 EHRR 245; (1979) 58 ILR 491	European Court of Human Rights	Europe	26 Apr 1979	BAILII	341
DPP v Majewski	[1976] UKHL 2; [1977] AC 443; [1976] 2 All ER 142; [1976] 2 WLR 623; (1976) 62 Cr App R 262	House of Lords	United Kingdom	13 Apr 1976	BAILII	125
Tesco Supermarkets Ltd v Nattrass	[1971] UKHL 1; [1972] AC 153; [1971] 2 All ER 127; [1971] 2 WLR 1166	House of Lords	United Kingdom	31 Mar 1971	BAILII	598
(2016) 18 Ecclesiastical Law Journal 188	(2016) 18 Ecclesiastical Law Journal 188	Ecclesiastical Law Journal	United Kingdom	circa 2016	Cambridge	1
[2003] CM 5777	[2003] CM 5777	Canadian Courts Martial	Canada	circa 2003	CanLII	1
[1997] CM 3702-i	[1997] CM 3702-I	Canadian Courts Martial	Canada	circa 1997	CanLII	1
R v Jameson	[1896] UKLawRpKQB 146; [1896] 2 QB 425		United Kingdom	30 Jul 1896	CommonLII	39
R v Vreones	[1891] UKLawRpKQB 14; [1891] 1 QB 360; 60 LJMC 62		United Kingdom	28 Jan 1891	CommonLII	66
R v E J Hollond, Esq	[1794] EngR 2213; 101 ER 340; (1794) 5 TR 607		United Kingdom	circa 1794	CommonLII	14
(2017) 81 (4) Journal of Criminal Law 292	(2017) 81 (4) Journal of Criminal Law 292	Journal of Criminal Law	United Kingdom	circa 2017	HeinOnline	1
"Misconduct in Public Office -- Should It Still Be Prosecuted?"	(2012) 76 (2) Journal of Criminal Law 179	Journal of Criminal Law	United Kingdom	circa 2012	HeinOnline	1
"Ignorance of the Criminal Law, and Duties to Avoid it"	(2011) 74 Modern Law Review 1	Modern Law Review	United Kingdom	circa 2011	HeinOnline	2
(2010) 74 (6) Journal of Criminal Law 516	(2010) 74 (6) Journal of Criminal Law 516	Journal of Criminal Law	United Kingdom	circa 2010	HeinOnline	1
"Misconduct in Public Office: Dishonesty Is an Element if Misconduct Amounts to Theft or Fraud"	(2010) 74 (4) Journal of Criminal Law 290	Journal of Criminal Law	United Kingdom	circa 2010	HeinOnline	1
England and Wales�	(2000) 8 (3) European Journal of Crime Criminal Law and Criminal Justice 257	European Journal of Crime, Criminal Law and Criminal Justice	Netherlands	circa 2000	HeinOnline	1
"Attorney-General's Consent to Prosecutions, The"	(1972) 35 Modern Law Review 347	Modern Law Review	United Kingdom	circa 1972	HeinOnline	2
(2011) 44 Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law 44	(2011) 44 Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law 44	Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law	United States	circa 2011	HeinOnline / LexisNexis	1
(2006) 26 (4) Oxford Journal of Legal Studies 775	(2006) 26 (4) Oxford Journal of Legal Studies 775	Oxford Journal of Legal Studies	United Kingdom	circa 2006	HeinOnline / LexisNexis	1
It's a Crime to Tear the Tag Off a Mattress: Overcriminalisation and the Moral Content of Regulatory Offenses'	(1997) 46 Emory Law Journal 1533	Emory Law Journal	United States	circa 1997	HeinOnline / LexisNexis	6
HKSAR v Ho Hung Kwan Michael	[2013] HKCFA 83; (2013) 16 HKCFAR 525	Hong Kong Court of Final Appeal	Hong Kong	26 Sep 2013	HKLII	16
Hksar v Wong Lin Kay	[2012] HKCFA 33; (2012) 15 HKCFAR 185; [2012] 2 HKLRD 898	Hong Kong Court of Final Appeal	Hong Kong	2 Apr 2012	HKLII	13
Chan Tak Ming v HKSAR	[2010] HKCFA 74; [2011] 1 HKLRD 766; [2011] 2 HKC 71; (2010) 13 HKCFAR 745	Hong Kong Court of Final Appeal	Hong Kong	6 Dec 2010	HKLII	13
"Revival of the Common Law Offence of Misconduct in Public Office"	(2014) 38 Criminal Law Journal 337	Criminal Law Journal	Australia	circa 2014	Legal Online	4
R v Spear	[2002] 3 All ER 1074; [2003] 1 AC 734		United Kingdom	circa 2003	LexisNexis	1
R v Bowden	[1995] 4 All ER 505; [1996] 1 WLR 98; [1996] 1 Cr App R 104		United Kingdom	circa 1995	LexisNexis	23
R v Khan	[1990] 2 All ER 783; [1990] 1 WLR 813; (1990) 91 Cr App R 29; [1991] LRC (Crim) 699; [1990] Crim LR 519		United Kingdom	circa 1990	LexisNexis	15
R v Rahman	(1985) 81 Cr App R 349		United Kingdom	circa 1985	LexisNexis	14
R v Galbraith	[1981] 2 All ER 1060; [1981] 1 WLR 1039; (1981) 73 Cr App R 124; 2 Crim LR 767; 144 JP 406		United Kingdom	circa 1981	LexisNexis	713
Air-India v Wiggins	[1980] 2 All ER 593; [1980] 1 WLR 815; (1980) 71 Cr App R 213		United Kingdom	circa 1980	LexisNexis	26
R v Durante	[1972] 3 All ER 962; 56 Cr App R 708; [1972] 1 WLR 1612; [1972] Crim LR 656		United Kingdom	circa 1972	LexisNexis	106
R v Sheehan and Moore	(1970) 60 Cr App R 308		United Kingdom	circa 1970	LexisNexis	24
R v Meyrick	(1929) 21 Cr App R 94		United Kingdom	circa 1929	LexisNexis	24
[2018] Ch 8	[2018] Ch 8	Court of Chancery	United Kingdom	circa 2018	LexisNexis / Westlaw	2
[2016] Ch 6	[2016] Ch 6	Court of Chancery	United Kingdom	circa 2016	LexisNexis / Westlaw	2
[2016] Ch 3	[2016] Ch 3	Court of Chancery	United Kingdom	circa 2016	LexisNexis / Westlaw	2
[2016] Ch 7	[2016] Ch 7	Court of Chancery	United Kingdom	circa 2016	LexisNexis / Westlaw	2
Attorney-General (Hong Kong) v Lee Kwong-kut & Lo Chak-man	[1993] AC 951; [1993] 3 All ER 939; [1993] 3 WLR 329		United Kingdom	circa 1993	LexisNexis / Westlaw	120
Bourgoin SA v Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries & Food	[1986] QB 716; [1985] 3 All ER 585; [1985] 3 WLR 1027		United Kingdom	circa 1986	LexisNexis / Westlaw	101
R v Anderson	[1986] AC 27; [1985] 2 All ER 961; (1985) 81 Cr App R 253; [1985] 3 WLR 268		United Kingdom	circa 1986	LexisNexis / Westlaw	1
R v D	[1984] AC 778; [1984] 2 All ER 249; (1984) 79 Cr App R 313		United Kingdom	circa 1984	LexisNexis / Westlaw	50
R v Dytham	[1979] QB 722; [1979] 3 All ER 641		United Kingdom	circa 1979	LexisNexis / Westlaw	77
DPP v Withers (Ian Douglas)	[1975] AC 842; [1974] 3 All ER 984; [1975] Crim LR 95; (1974) 60 Cr App R 85; [1974] 3 WLR 751		United Kingdom	circa 1975	LexisNexis / Westlaw	1
R v Llewellyn-Jones	[1968] 1 QB 429		United Kingdom	circa 1968	LexisNexis / Westlaw	18
A-G for Northern Ireland v Gallagher	[1963] AC 349		United Kingdom	circa 1963	LexisNexis / Westlaw	32
Bratty v A-G for Northern Ireland	[1963] AC 386		United Kingdom	circa 1963	LexisNexis / Westlaw	125
Welham v DPP	[1961] AC 103		United Kingdom	circa 1961	LexisNexis / Westlaw	1
R v Lipman	(1970) 1 QB 1952; [1970] 1 QB 152; [1969] 3 All ER 410; (1969) 53 Cr App R 600		United Kingdom	circa 1952	LexisNexis / Westlaw	37
Ruse v Read	[1949] 1 KB 377; [1949] 1 All ER 398; (1949) 33 Cr App R 67		United Kingdom	circa 1949	LexisNexis / Westlaw	9
1 Ch 6	1 Ch 6	Court of Chancery	United Kingdom	circa 2000	LexisNexis / Westlaw	6
R v Boulanger	[2006] 2 SCR 49; [2006] SCC 32; [2006] SCJ No 32	Supreme Court of Canada	Canada	13 Jul 2006	Supreme Court of Canada	17
(2014) 11 Criminal Law Review 777	(2014) 11 Criminal Law Review 777	Criminal Law Review	United Kingdom	circa 2014	Westlaw	1
(2014) 7 Criminal Law Review 2014	(2014) 7 Criminal Law Review 2014	Criminal Law Review	United Kingdom	circa 2014	Westlaw	1
(2011) 127 Law Quarterly Review 37	(2011) 127 Law Quarterly Review 37	Law Quarterly Review	United Kingdom	circa 2011	Westlaw	1
"The Serious Crime Act 2007: the Part 2 Offences"	(2009) 6 Criminal Law Review 389	Criminal Law Review	United Kingdom	circa 2009	Westlaw	2
Rape, Sexual Assaults and the Problems of Consent"	[2004] Crim LR 328		United Kingdom	circa 2004	Westlaw	1
R v Pordage	[1975] Crim LR 575		United Kingdom	circa 1975	Westlaw	3
R v Walker	[1962] Criminal Law Review 458	Criminal Law Review	United Kingdom	circa 1962	Westlaw	1
(1996) 64 Scottish Law Gazette 130	(1996) 64 Scottish Law Gazette 130	Scottish Law Gazette	United Kingdom - Scotland	circa 1996		1
Janosevic v Sweden	(2004) 38 EHRR 473	European Court of Human Rights	Europe	circa 2004		8
R v Bremridge	(1783) 3 Doug KB 327; (1783) 22 St Tr 1; 99 ER 679	King's Bench	United Kingdom	circa 1783		40
R v Borron	(1820) 3 B & Ald 432; 106 ER 721	Kings Bench	United Kingdom	circa 1820		19
Ashby v White	2 Ld Raym 938; (1703) 14 St Tr 695	King's Bench	United Kingdom	circa 2000		127

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