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"Proportionality under the Human Rights Act 2019 (Qld): When Are the Factors in s 13(2) Necessary and Su!cient, and When Are They Not?"    

Legislation Cited

Cases and Articles Cited

Case Name	Citation(s)	Court	Jurisdiction	Date	Full Text		Citation Index †
South-West Forest Defence Foundation (No 2) v Department of Conservation & Land Management (No 2)	[1998] HCA 35; (1998) 194 CLR 355; (1998) 154 ALR 411; (1998) 72 ALJR 1008; (1998) 101 LGERA 114; (1998) 10 Leg Rep 26	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	20 May 1998	AustLII		5350
Associated Provincial Picture Houses Ltd v Wednesbury Corporation	[1947] EWCA Civ 1; [1948] 1 AC 223; [1948] 1 KB 223; [1947] 2 All ER 680; [1948] LJR 190; (1947) 63 TLR 623; (1947) 45 LGR 635; (1947) 177 LT 641; (1947) 112 JP 55	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Civil Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	10 Nov 1947	BAILII		3898
Tahiri v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship	[2012] HCA 61; (2013) 249 CLR 332; (2012) 293 ALR 526; (2012) 87 ALJR 225	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	13 Dec 2012	AustLII		2749
Farah Constructions Pty Ltd v Say-Dee Pty Ltd	[2007] HCA 22	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	24 May 2007	AustLII		1640
Civil and Political Rights	(1966) 999 UNTS 171		International	circa 1966			1329
Lange v Australian Broadcasting Corporation	[1997] HCA 25; (1997) 189 CLR 520; (1997) 8 FLR 216; (1997) 145 ALR 96; (1997) 71 ALJR 818; [1997] Aust Torts Reports 81-434; 2 BHRC 513; (1997) 2 CHRLD 231; (1997) 10 Leg Rep 2	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	8 Jul 1997	AustLII		1222
Kable v DPP (NSW)	[1996] HCA 24; (1996) 189 CLR 51; 138 ALR 577; (1996) 14 Leg Rep C1; (1996) 70 ALJR 814; [1996] 3 CHRLD 435	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	12 Sep 1996	AustLII		1051
S v Makwanyane	[1995] ZACC 3; 1995 3 SA 391; 1995 2 SACR 1; [1996] 2 CHRLD 164	Constitutional Court of South Africa	South Africa	6 Jun 1995	SAFLII		934
McCulloch v Maryland	17 US 316; 4 Wheat 316; 4 L Ed 579; 1 Wheat 316; 4 L Ed 519; 1 Pet 14; 2 Sumn 278	United States Supreme Court	United States	1 Feb 1819	WorldLII		896
Huang v Secretary of State for the Home Department	[2007] UKHL 11; [2006] QB 2; [2007] 2 AC 167; [2007] 4 All ER 15; [2007] All ER (D) 338; [2007] UKHRR 759; [2007] INLR 314; [2007] Imm AR 571; [2007] HRLR 22; [2007] Fam Law 587; [2007] 2 WLR 581; 24 BHRC 74	House of Lords	United Kingdom	21 Mar 2007	BAILII		817
Saeed v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship	[2010] HCA 23; (2010) 241 CLR 252; (2010) 267 ALR 204; (2010) 84 ALJR 507; (2010) 115 ALD 493	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	23 Jun 2010	AustLII		810
Momcilovic v R	(2011) 209 A Crim R 1; (2011) 85 ALJR 957; (2011) 280 ALR 221; (2011) 245 CLR 1; [2011] HCA 34		Australia	circa 2011	Legal Online / Westlaw		613
Commonwealth v Baume	[1905] HCA 11; (1905) 2 CLR 405; 11 ALR 124	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	10 Apr 1905	AustLII		392
Economic, Social and Cultural Rights	(1966) 993 UNTS 3		International	circa 1966			368
R v Hansen	[2007] NZSC 7; [2007] 3 NZLR 1; (2007) 23 CRNZ 104; (2007) 8 HRNZ 222	Supreme Court of New Zealand	New Zealand	circa 2007	NZLII		363
Street v Queensland Bar Association	[1989] HCA 53; (1989) 168 CLR 461; 88 ALR 321; (1989) 63 ALJR 715	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	16 Nov 1989	AustLII		328
R (on the application of Begum) v Governors of Denbigh High School	[2006] UKHL 15; [2007] 1 AC 100; [2006] 2 All ER 487; [2006] 2 WLR 719; [2006] All ER (D) 329; (2006) 23 BHRC 276; [2006] UKHRR 708; [2006] HRLR 21	House of Lords	United Kingdom	22 Mar 2006	BAILII		270
Government of the Republic of South Africa v Grootboom	[2000] ZACC 19; 2001 1 SA 46	Constitutional Court of South Africa	South Africa	4 Oct 2000	SAFLII		249
Bank Mellat v Her Majesty ’ s Treasury [No 2]	[2014] AC 700		United Kingdom	circa 2014	LexisNexis / Westlaw		245
De Freitas v Permanent Secretary of Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries, Lands & Housing	[1998] UKPC 30; [1999] 1 AC 69; [1998] 3 WLR 675; 4 BHRC 563; (1998) 2 CHRLD 242	Privy Council	United Kingdom	30 Jun 1998	BAILII		244
McCloy v New South Wales	[2015] HCA 34; (2015) 257 CLR 178; (2015) 325 ALR 15; (2015) 89 ALJR 857	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	7 Oct 2015	AustLII		211
R v Condon	[2006] NZSC 62; [2007] 1 NZLR 300; (2006) 22 CRNZ 755	Supreme Court of New Zealand	New Zealand	23 Aug 2006	NZLII		199
R (Aguilar Quila) v Secretary of State for the Home Department	[2011] UKSC 45; [2012] 1 AC 621; [2012] Imm AR 135	United Kingdom Supreme Court	United Kingdom	circa 2011	BAILII		189
Heller v Doe	509 US 312; 125 L Ed 2d 257; 113 SCt 2637	United States Supreme Court	United States	24 Jun 1993	WorldLII		189
Minister of Health v Treatment Action Campaign	[2002] ZACC 15; 2002 5 SA 721	Constitutional Court of South Africa	South Africa	5 Jul 2002	SAFLII		157
Pham v Secretary of State for the Home Department	[2015] UKSC 19; [2015] 1 WLR 1591; [2015] Imm AR 950	United Kingdom Supreme Court	United Kingdom	25 Mar 2015	BAILII		135
R v Momcilovic	[2010] VSCA 50; (2010) 25 VR 436; (2010) 265 ALR 751	Supreme Court of Victoria - Court of Appeal	Australia - Victoria	17 Mar 2010	AustLII		135
PJB v Melbourne Health	[2011] VSC 327; (2011) 39 VR 373	Supreme Court of Victoria	Australia - Victoria	19 Jul 2011	AustLII		132
Tajjour v New South Wales	[2014] HCA 35; (2014) 254 CLR 508; 313 ALR 221; (2014) 241 A Crim R 381; (2014) 88 ALJR 860	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	8 Oct 2014	AustLII		116
Clubb v Edwards	[2019] HCA 11; (2019) 267 CLR 171; (2019) 366 ALR 1; (2019) 93 ALJR 448	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	10 Apr 2019	AustLII		110
Slaveski v Smith	[2012] VSCA 25; (2012) 34 VR 206; (2012) 218 A Crim R 252	Supreme Court of Victoria - Court of Appeal	Australia - Victoria	29 Feb 2012	AustLII		103
DPP v Leys	[2012] VSCA 304; (2012) 44 VR 1; (2012) 296 ALR 96	Supreme Court of Victoria - Court of Appeal	Australia - Victoria	12 Dec 2012	AustLII		102
S v Manamela	[2000] ZACC 5; 2000 3 SA 1	Constitutional Court of South Africa	South Africa	14 Apr 2000	SAFLII		93
Brown v Tasmania	(2017) 261 CLR 328		Australia - Commonwealth	circa 2017	Legal Online / Westlaw		92
R v Independent Broad-based Anti-corruption Commissioner	[2016] HCA 8; (2016) 256 CLR 459; (2016) 329 ALR 195; (2016) 90 ALJR 433; (2016) 255 A Crim R 127	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	10 Mar 2016	AustLII		91
R (Tigere) v Secretary of State for Business, Innovation and Skills	[2015] UKSC 57; [2015] 1 WLR 3820	United Kingdom Supreme Court	United Kingdom	29 Jul 2015	BAILII		88
Bare v Independent Broad-Based Anti-Corruption Commission	[2015] VSCA 197; (2015) 48 VR 129; (2015) 326 ALR 198	Supreme Court of Victoria - Court of Appeal	Australia - Victoria	29 Jul 2015	AustLII		87
Castles	[2010] VSC 310; (2010) 28 VR 141	Supreme Court of Victoria	Australia - Victoria	9 Jul 2010	AustLII		87
Application under Major Crime (Investigative Powers) Act 2004; DAS v Victorian Human Rights & Equal Opportunity Commission	[2009] VSC 381; (2009) 24 VR 415; (2009) 198 A Crim R 305	Supreme Court of Victoria	Australia - Victoria	7 Sep 2009	AustLII		84
Comcare v Banerji	[2019] HCA 23; (2019) 267 CLR 373; (2019) 372 ALR 42; (2019) 93 ALJR 900	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	7 Aug 2019	AustLII		80
R (Nicklinson) v Ministry of Justice	[2014] UKSC 38; [2015] AC 657; [2014] 3 All ER 843; [2014] 3 WLR 200	United Kingdom Supreme Court	United Kingdom	25 Jun 2014	BAILII		76
DPP v Kaba	[2014] VSC 52; (2014) 44 VR 526; (2014) 247 A Crim R 300; (2014) 69 MVR 137	Supreme Court of Victoria	Australia - Victoria	18 Dec 2014	AustLII		73
R (T) v Chief Constable of Greater Manchester Police	[2014] UKSC 35; [2015] AC 49; [2014] 2 WLR 96	United Kingdom Supreme Court	United Kingdom	18 Jun 2014	BAILII		72
Unions NSW v New South Wales	(2013) 252 CLR 530		Australia - Commonwealth	circa 2013	Legal Online / Westlaw		72
WBM v Chief Commissioner of Police	[2012] VSCA 159; (2012) 43 VR 446; (2012) 230 A Crim R 322	Supreme Court of Victoria - Court of Appeal	Australia - Victoria	30 Jul 2012	AustLII		70
Victoria Police Toll Enforcement v Taha	[2013] VSCA 37; (2013) 49 VR 1	Supreme Court of Victoria - Court of Appeal	Australia - Victoria	4 Mar 2013	AustLII		68
"The Limits of Constitutional Text and Structure: Standards of Review and the Freedom of Political Communication"	(1999) 23 Melbourne University Law Review 668	Melbourne University Law Review	Australia	circa 1999	AustLII		67
Khosa v Minister of Social Development	[2004] ZACC 11; 2004 6 SA 505	Constitutional Court of South Africa	South Africa	4 Mar 2004	SAFLII		66
Re Kracke and Mental Health Review Board	(2009) 29 VAR 1		Australia - Victoria	circa 2009			62
United States v Playboy Entertainment Group, Inc	529 US 803; 146 L Ed 2d 865; 120 SCt 1878	United States Supreme Court	United States	22 May 2000	WorldLII		62
Palmer v Western Australia	[2021] HCA 5; (2021) 272 CLR 505; (2021) 388 ALR 180; (2021) 95 ALJR 229	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	24 Feb 2021	AustLII		58
Certain Children v Minister for Families and Children (No 2)	[2017] VSC 251; (2017) 52 VR 441; (2017) 266 A Crim R 152	Supreme Court of Victoria	Australia - Victoria	11 May 2017	AustLII		57
Noone (Director of Consumer Affairs Victoria) v Operation Smile (Australia) Inc	[2012] VSCA 91; (2012) 38 VR 569	Supreme Court of Victoria - Court of Appeal	Australia - Victoria	11 May 2012	AustLII		57
Unions NSW v New South Wales	[2019] HCA 1; (2019) 264 CLR 595; 363 ALR 1; (2019) 93 ALJR 166	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	29 Jan 2019	AustLII		56
Murphy v Electoral Commissioner	[2016] HCA 36; (2016) 261 CLR 28; 334 ALR 369; (2016) 90 ALJR 1027	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	5 Sep 2016	AustLII		53
Spence v Queensland	[2019] HCA 15; (2019) 268 CLR 355; (2019) 367 ALR 587; (2019) 93 ALJR 643	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	15 May 2019	AustLII		51
Matsoukatidou v Yarra Ranges Council	[2017] VSC 61; (2017) 51 VR 624	Supreme Court of Victoria	Australia - Victoria	28 Feb 2017	AustLII		48
Application for Bail by Islam, Re	[2010] ACTSC 147; (2010) 4 ACTLR 235; (2010) 175 ACTR 30; (2010) 244 FLR 158	Supreme Court of the Australian Capital Territory	Australia - Australian Capital Territory	19 Nov 2010	AustLII		47
Hoskin v Greater Bendigo City Council	[2015] VSCA 350; (2015) 48 VR 715; (2015) 212 LGERA 362	Supreme Court of Victoria - Court of Appeal	Australia - Victoria	16 Dec 2015	AustLII		45
Borrowdale v Director-General of Health	[2020] NZHC 2090; [2020] 2 NZLR 864	High Court of New Zealand	New Zealand	19 Aug 2020	NZLII		37
Four Aviation Security Service Employees v Minister of COVID-19 Response	[2021] NZHC 3012; [2022] 2 NZLR 26; (2021) 12 HRNZ 824; [2021] ERNZ 1025	High Court of New Zealand	New Zealand	8 Nov 2021	NZLII		35
Certain Children v Minister for Families and Children	[2016] VSC 796; (2016) 51 VR 473	Supreme Court of Victoria	Australia - Victoria	21 Dec 2016	AustLII		35
Carter v Canada (Attorney General)	[2015] 1 SCR 331; [2015] SCC 5			circa 2015			35
Waratah Coal Pty Ltd v Youth Verdict Ltd	[2020] QLC 33	Land Court of Queensland	Australia - Queensland	4 Sep 2020	AustLII		33
Owen-D ’ Arcy v Chief Executive, Queensland Corrective Services	[2021] QSC 273; (2021) 9 Qd R 250	Supreme Court of Queensland	Australia - Queensland	22 Oct 2021	AustLII		28
Mackin v New Brunswick (Minister of Finance)	[2002] 1 SCR 405; [2002] SCC 13	Supreme Court of Canada	Canada	14 Feb 2002	Supreme Court of Canada		28
Innes v Electoral Commission of Queensland (No 2)	[2020] QSC 293; (2020) 5 Qd R 623	Supreme Court of Queensland	Australia - Queensland	24 Sep 2020	AustLII		26
Alberta v Hutterian Brethren of Wilson Colony	[2009] 2 SCR 567; [2009] SCC 37; [2009] SC 37		United Kingdom - Scotland	24 Jul 2009	Supreme Court of Canada		24
AB v CD	[2017] VSCA 338	Supreme Court of Victoria - Court of Appeal	Australia - Victoria	21 Nov 2017	AustLII		21
Thompson v Minogue	[2021] VSCA 358; (2021) 67 VR 301; (2021) 294 A Crim R 216	Supreme Court of Victoria - Court of Appeal	Australia - Victoria	17 Dec 2021	AustLII		19
Australian Institute for Progress Ltd v The Electoral Commission of Queensland	[2020] QSC 54; (2020) 4 Qd R 31	Supreme Court of Queensland	Australia - Queensland	30 Mar 2020	AustLII		19
Baker v DPP (Vic)	[2017] VSCA 58; (2017) 270 A Crim R 318	Supreme Court of Victoria - Court of Appeal	Australia - Victoria	22 Mar 2017	AustLII		17
Lawyers for Human Rights v Minister of Home Affairs (CCT38/16)	[2017] ZACC 22; 2017 5 SA 480	Constitutional Court of South Africa	South Africa	29 Jun 2017	SAFLII		16
"Proportionality: A Rule of Reason"	(2012) 23 Public Law Review 85	Public Law Review	Australia	circa 2012	Legal Online		16
McDonald v Legal Services Commissioner (No 2)	[2017] VSC 89	Supreme Court of Victoria	Australia - Victoria	14 Dec 2017	AustLII		14
Harding v Sutton	[2021] VSC 741	Supreme Court of Victoria	Australia - Victoria	11 Nov 2021	AustLII		13
Minogue v Thompson	[2021] VSC 56	Supreme Court of Victoria	Australia - Victoria	16 Feb 2021	AustLII		13
Magee v Delaney	[2012] VSC 407; (2012) 39 VR 50; (2012) 225 A Crim R 151	Supreme Court of Victoria	Australia - Victoria	11 Sep 2012	AustLII		13
LG v Melbourne Health	[2019] VSC 183	Supreme Court of Victoria	Australia - Victoria	22 Mar 2019	AustLII		12
Barrett Richard Jordan v R	[2016] 1 SCR 631; [2016] SCC 27			circa 2016			12
Re Lifestyle Communities Ltd (No 3)	(2009) 31 VAR 286		Australia - Victoria	circa 2009			11
"Proportionality Balancing and Global Constitutionalism"	(2008) 47 Columbia Journal of Transnational Law 72	Columbia Journal of Transnational Law	United States	circa 2008	HeinOnline / LexisNexis		11
Wagners Cement Pty Ltd v Boral Resources (Qld) Pty Ltd	[2020] QSC 124	Supreme Court of Queensland	Australia - Queensland	19 May 2020	AustLII		9
PBU and NJE v Mental Health Tribunal	(2018) 56 VR 141		Australia - Victoria	circa 2018	LexisNexis AU		9
"A Bridge to Where? Introducing the Interim Bill of Rights"	(1994) 10 South African Journal on Human Rights 31	South African Journal on Human Rights	South Africa	circa 1994	HeinOnline		8
Andrews v Thomson	[2018] ACTCA 53; 340 FLR 439; 275 A Crim R 386	Supreme Court of the Australian Capital Territory - Court of Appeal	Australia - Australian Capital Territory	28 Nov 2018	AustLII		7
DPP v Mokbel	[2010] VSC 331	Supreme Court of Victoria	Australia - Victoria	5 Aug 2010	AustLII		7
"Balancing Rights in a Democracy: The Problems with Limitations and Overrides of Rights under the Victorian Character of Human Rights and Responsibilities Act 2006"	(2008) 32 Melbourne University Law Review 422	Melbourne University Law Review	Australia	circa 2008	AustLII		7
Attorney-General for Queensland v Sri	[2020] QSC 246	Supreme Court of Queensland	Australia - Queensland	8 Aug 2020	AustLII		5
Queensland through the Department of Housing and Public Works v Tenant	[2020] QCAT 144	Queensland Civil and Administrative Tribunal	Australia - Queensland	15 May 2020	AustLII		5
R v KRG	[2016] SCC 31; [2016] 1 SCR 906			circa 2016			5
TRKJ v DPP (Qld); Kay v DPP (Qld)	[2021] QSC 297; (2021) 9 Qd R 472; (2021) 293 A Crim R 32	Supreme Court of Queensland	Australia - Queensland	16 Nov 2021	AustLII		3
Phaahla v Minister of Justice and Correctional Services	(2019) 7 BCLR 795		Canada - British Columbia	circa 2019			3
"Proportionality and the Culture of Justification"	(2011) 59 American Journal of Comparative Law 463	American Journal of Comparative Law	United States	circa 2011	HeinOnline / LexisNexis		3
"Limitations to and Derogations from Economic, Social and Cultural Rights"	(2009) 9 (4) Human Rights Law Review 557	Human Rights Law Review	United Kingdom	circa 2009	HeinOnline / Westlaw		3
"Proportionality: An Assault on Human Rights"	(2009) 7 (3) International Journal of Constitutional Law 468	International Journal of Constitutional Law	United Kingdom	circa 2009	HeinOnline / LexisNexis		2
"Proportionality in Canadian and German Constitutional Jurisprudence"	(2007) 57 (2) University of Toronto Law Journal 383	University of Toronto Law Journal	Canada	circa 2007	HeinOnline / LexisNexis		2
"Reviewing Implementation of Social and Economic Rights: An Assessment of the “ Reasonableness ” Test as Developed by the South African Constitutional Court"	(2005) 65 Heidelberg Journal of International Law 167	Heidelberg Journal of International Law	Germany	circa 2005			2
"Can the Social State Principle in Germany Guide State Action in South Africa in the Field of Social and Economic Rights?"	(1995) 11 South African Journal on Human Rights 1	South African Journal on Human Rights	South Africa	circa 1995	HeinOnline		2
SF v Department of Education	[2021] QCAT 10	Queensland Civil and Administrative Tribunal	Australia - Queensland	13 Jan 2021	AustLII		1
(2020) 45 Alternative Law Journal 4	(2020) 45 Alternative Law Journal 4	Alternative Law Journal	Australia	circa 2020	HeinOnline / Informit		1
Conf é rence des Juges de Paix Magistrats du Qu é bec v Qu é bec (A-G)	[2016] 2 SCR 116			circa 2016			1
"How Proportional Is Proportionality?"	(2015) 13 (2) International Journal of Constitutional Law 530	International Journal of Constitutional Law	United Kingdom	circa 2015	HeinOnline / LexisNexis		1
"Proportionality and the Incommensurability Challenge in the Jurisprudence of the South African Constitutional Court"	(2014) 30 (3) South African Journal on Human Rights 405	South African Journal on Human Rights	South Africa	circa 2014	HeinOnline		1
"Limitation of Socio-Economic Rights in the 2010 Kenyan Constitution : A Proposal for the Adoption of a Proportionality Approach in the Judicial Adjudication of Socio-Economic Rights Disputes"	(2013) 16 Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal 170	Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal	South Africa	circa 2013	HeinOnline		1
"Proportionality: Challenging the Critics"	(2012) 10 (3) International Journal of Constitutional Law 709	International Journal of Constitutional Law	United Kingdom	circa 2012	HeinOnline / LexisNexis		1
"Proportionality and Principled Balancing"	(2010) 4 Law & Ethics of Human Rights 1	Law & Ethics of Human Rights	Israel	circa 2010			1
"American Balancing and German Proportionality: The Historical Origins"	(2010) 8 (2) International Journal of Constitutional Law 263	International Journal of Constitutional Law	United Kingdom	circa 2010	HeinOnline / LexisNexis		1
"The Idea of Socratic Contestation and the Right to Justification: The Point of Rights-Based Proportionality Review"	(2010) 4 (2) Law & Ethics of Human Rights 141	Law & Ethics of Human Rights	Israel	circa 2010			1
"On Constitutional Rights to Protection"	(2009) 3 Legisprudence 1	Legisprudence	United Kingdom	circa 2009			1
6 Human Rights Law Journal 12	6 Human Rights Law Journal 12	Human Rights Law Journal	Germany	circa 2013	BL Direct		1
R v Oakes	[1986] CanLII 46		Canada	circa 1986	CanLII