|
|
Home
| Databases
| WorldLII
| Search
| Feedback
Vanuatu Sessional Legislation |
Commencement: 16 May 1988
REPUBLIC OF VANUATU
THE EXTRADITION ACT
No. 4 OF 1988
Arrangement of Sections
PART I
PRELIMINARY
1. Interpretation.
2. Application of the provisions of this Act in respect of Commonwealth countries.
3. Application of the provisions of this Act in respect of foreign States.
4. Special provisions as to the reading of an order under section 3.
5. Effect of orders made under sections 2 and 3.
6. Extraditable offences.
7. General restrictions on extraditions.
PART II
EXTRADITION TO DESIGNATED COMMONWEALTH COUNTRIES AND TREATY STATES
8. Authority to proceed.
9. Arrest for the purposes of committal.
10. Proceedings for committal.
11. Consent order for extradition.
12. Habeas corpus and review.
13. Extradition or discharge by the Minister.
14. Warrant for extradition.
15. Discharge in case of delay in extraditing.
16. Evidence.
17. Custody.
PART III
EXTRADITION FROM DESIGNATED COMMONWEALTH COUNTRIES AND TREATY STATES
18. Extradition of persons to Vanuatu and certain restrictions upon proceeding against them.
19. Restoration of persons not tried or acquitted.
PART IV
MISCELLANEOUS
20. Regulations.
21. Extradition from Vanuatu applicable to offences committed before and after the commencement of this Act.
22. Property found on fugitive offenders.
23. Commencement.
SCHEDULE
------------------------------
THE EXTRADITION ACT
No. 4 OF 1988
Assent: 12/4/88
Commencement: 16/5/88
To provide for the extradition of fugitive offenders to and from Commonwealth countries and foreign States, to regulate the treatment of persons accused or convicted of offences in Vanuatu who are extradited from Commonwealth countries or foreign States, and to provide for matters connected therewith.
BE IT ENACTED by the President and Parliament as follows:-
PART I
PRELIMINARY
INTERPRETATION
1. In this Act -
"designated Commonwealth country" includes -
(a) a colony, territory, protectorate or other dependency of such country;
(b) a territory for the international relations of which such country is responsible; and
(c) a ship or aircraft of, or registered in, such country;
"extradition arrangement" means a treaty or an agreement made by the Government of Vanuatu with a foreign State relating to extradition of fugitive offenders;
"extraditable offence" has the meaning assigned to that expression by section 6 of this Act;
"foreign State" means any State outside Vanuatu other than a country within the Commonwealth;
"fugitive offender" means a person who is accused or convicted of an extraditable offence committed within the jurisdiction of a foreign State or a Commonwealth country and is unlawfully at large, and is in or is suspected to be in or on his way to Vanuatu, a foreign State or a Commonwealth country;
"magistrate" means a Senior Magistrate;
"magistrate's court" means a Magistrate's Court presided by a Senior Magistrate;
"Minister" means the Minister who is for the time being responsible for matters relating to the external affairs of the Republic of Vanuatu.
"treaty State" includes -
(a) a colony, territory, protectorate or other dependency of such States;
(b) a territory for the international relations of which such State is responsible; and
(c) a ship or aircraft of, or registered in such State.
APPLICATION OF THE PROVISIONS OF THIS ACT IN RESPECT OF COMMONWEALTH COUNTRIES
2. (1) The Minister may, from time to time by order published in the Gazette declare that the provisions of this Act shall apply in respect of any country within the Commonwealth specified therein, subject to the modifications, limitations, or conditions as may be specified in such order.
(2) An order made under this section shall be final and conclusive and shall not be called in question in any court.
(3) Every country within the Commonwealth in relation to which an order made under this section is for the time being in force, is hereinafter referred to as a "designated Commonwealth country".
APPLICATION OF THE PROVISIONS OF THIS ACT IN RESPECT OF FOREIGN STATES
3. (1) Where any extradition arrangement has been made by the Government of Vanuatu with any foreign State then subject to the provisions of section 4, the Minister may by order published in the Gazette declare that the provisions of this Act, shall apply in respect of such foreign State, subject to such modifications, limitations or conditions, as the Minister, having due regard to the terms of such arrangement, may deem expedient to specify in the order for the purpose, and the purpose only, of implementing such terms.
(2) Every order made under this section shall recite or embody the terms of the extradition arrangement in consequence of which such order was made, and shall come into force on the date of publication of such order, or on such later date as may be specified therein, and shall remain in force for so long, and so long only, as the extradition arrangement in consequence of which such order was made remains in force.
(3) An order made under this section shall be final and conclusive, and shall not be called in question in any court.
(4) Every foreign State in relation to which an order made under this section is for the time being in force is hereinafter referred to as a "treaty State".
SPECIAL PROVISIONS AS TO THE READING OF AN ORDER UNDER SECTION 3
4. No order shall be made under section 3 unless the extradition arrangement in consequence of which such order is made -
(a) is in conformity in all respects with the provisions of this Act containing restrictions on the extradition of persons; and
(b) is substantially in conformity with the other provisions of this Act, subject to the modifications, limitations or conditions, if any, specified in such order for the purposes of implementing the terms of such arrangement.
EFFECT OF ORDERS MADE UNDER SECTIONS 2 AND 3
5. (1) For so long, and so long only, as an order under section 2 in respect of a designated Commonwealth country, or an order under section 3 in respect of a treaty State is for the time being in force, the provisions of this Act shall apply in respect of and in relation to such country or State, as the case may be, subject to such modifications, limitations and conditions if any, as are specified in such order.
(2) For so long, and so long only, as an order under section 3 in respect of a treaty State is for the time being in force, such order shall be conclusive evidence that the extradition arrangement in consequence of which such order was made, complies with the provisions of section 4.
EXTRADITABLE OFFENCES
6. (1) For the purposes of this Act, any offence which a person is accused or has been convicted in any designated Commonwealth country or any treaty State shall be an extraditable offence, if -
(a) in the case of an offence against the law of a treaty State, it is an offence which is provided for in the extradition arrangement;
(b) in the case of an offence against the law of a designated Commonwealth country, it is an offence which, however described in that laws, falls within any description set out in the schedule hereto and is punishable under that law, with imprisonment for a term of not less than twelve months; and
(c) in any case, the act or omission constituting the offence or the equivalent act or omission, would constitute an offence against the law of Vanuatu if it took place within Vanuatu or outside Vanuatu.
(2) In determining for the purposes of this section, whether an offence against the law of any designated Commonwealth country falls within any description set out in the schedule hereto, any special intent or state of mind or special circumstances of aggravation which may be necessary to constitute that offence under that law shall be disregarded.
(3) Reference in this section to the law of any designated Commonwealth country or of any treaty State shall be seemed to include reference to the law of any part of such country or State, as the case may be.
GENERAL RESTRICTIONS ON EXTRADITIONS
7. (1) A person shall not be extradited under this Act to any designated Commonwealth country or to any treaty State, or be committed to or kept in custody for the purposes of such extradition, if it appears to the Minister, to the court of committal or to the Supreme Court upon an application made to it for a mandate in the nature of a writ of habeas corpus -
(a) that the offence of which that person was accused or was convicted is an offence of a political character;
(b) that the request for extradition, though purporting to be made on account of the extraditable offence, is in fact made for the purpose of prosecuting or punishing him of account of his race, religion, nationality or political opinions; and
(c) that he might, if extradited, be prejudiced at his trial or punished, detained or restricted in his personal liberty by reason of his race, religion, nationality or political opinions.
(2) A person accused of an offence shall not be extradited under this Act to any designated Commonwealth country or to any treaty State, or be committed to or kept in custody for the purpose of his extradition, if it appears, as provided in subsection (1) of this section that if charged with that offence in Vanuatu, he would be entitled to be discharged under any rule of law relating to previous acquittal or conviction.
(3) A person shall not be extradited under this Act to any designated Commonwealth country or to any treaty State, or be committed to or kept in custody for the purposes of such extradition unless provision is made by the law of that Commonwealth country or in the case of a treaty State, by the extradition arrangement with that State, for securing that he will not, unless he has first been restored, or had an opportunity of returning, to Vanuatu, be arrested, detained, remanded or otherwise dealt with in that country or State, for or in respect of any offence committed before his extradition under this Act, other than -
(a) the offence in respect of which the extradition under this Act is requested;
(b) any lesser offence proved by the facts established before the court of committal; or
(c) any other offence, being an extraditable offence in respect of which the Minister may consent to his being so dealt with.
(4) The reference in this section to an offence of a political character does not include -
(a) an offence against the life or person of a Head of State or a member of his immediate family or any related offence described in paragraph B of the Schedule;
(b) an offence against the life or person of a Head of Government, or of a Minister of a Government, or any related offence as described in paragraph B of the Schedule;
(c) murder or any related offence as described in paragraph (a);
(d) an act declared to constitute an offence under a multilateral international convention whose purpose is to prevent or repress a specific category of offences and which imposes on the parties thereto an obligation either to extradite or to prosecute the person sought.
(5) Paragraph (a) of subsection (1), shall not apply in relation to offences established under any general international convention to which both Vanuatu and the designated Commonwealth country, or the treaty State, as the case may be, are parties and which are declared thereby not, to be regarded as political offences for the purposes of extradition.
PART II
EXTRADITION TO DESIGNATED COMMONWEALTH COUNTRIES AND TREATY STATES
AUTHORITY TO PROCEED
8. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Act, no person shall be dealt with under this Act except in pursuance of an order of the Minister (in this Act referred to as an "authority to proceed") issued in pursuance of a request made to the Minister by or on behalf of the Government of the designated Commonwealth country or treaty State in which the person to be extradited is accused or was convicted.
(2) There shall be furnished with any request made for the purposes of this section by or on behalf of any designated Commonwealth country or treaty State -
(a) in the case of a person accused of an offence, a warrant for his arrest in that country or State;
(b) in the case of a person unlawfully at large after conviction of an offence, a certificate of the conviction and sentence in that country or State, and a statement of the part if any of such sentence which has been served,
together within each case, the particulars of the person whose extradition is requested, and of the facts upon which and the law under which he is accused or was convicted, and the evidence sufficient to justify the issue of a warrant for his arrest under section 9.
(3) On receipt of such a request the Minister may issue an authority to proceed, unless it appears to him that an order for extradition of the person concerned could not lawfully be made, or would not in fact be made, in accordance with the provisions of this Act.
ARREST FOR THE PURPOSES OF COMMITTAL
9. (1) A warrant for the arrest of a person accused of an extraditable offence, or alleged to be unlawfully at large after conviction of such an offence, may be issued, where such person is or is suspected of being in Vanuatu or on his way to Vanuatu -
(a) by a magistrate's court on receipt, by such magistrate's court of an authority to proceed; or
(b) without such an authority, by any magistrate's court upon information and under such circumstances as would in the opinion of that court, justify the issue of a warrant if the offence of which such person is accused had been an offence committed within the jurisdiction of such court.
Any warrant, issued under paragraph (b) of this subsection is in this Act referred to as a 'provisional warrant', and for the purpose of that paragraph information contained in an international notice issued by the International Criminal Police Organisation (INTERPOL) in respect of a fugitive may be considered by the magistrate's court, either alone or with other information, in deciding whether a provisional warrant should be issued for the arrest of that fugitive.
(2) A warrant of arrest under this section, may be issued upon such evidence as would, in the opinion of the magistrate's court, authorize the issue of a warrant for the arrest of a person accused of committing or of a person alleged to be unlawfully at large after conviction of an offence, as the case may be, within the jurisdiction of the magistrate's court.
(3) Where a provisional warrant is issued under this section, the magistrate's court by whom it is issued shall forthwith give notice of its issue to the Minister, and transmit him the information and evidence, or certified copy of the information and evidence, upon which it was issued, and the Minister may in any case, and shall if he decides not to issue an authority to proceed in respect of the person to whom the warrant relates, by order cancel the warrant and, if that person has been arrested, thereunder discharge him from custody.
(4) A warrant issued under this section may be executed in any part of Vanuatu, by any person to whom it is directed, or by any police officer.
(5) Where a warrant is issued under this section for the arrest of a person accused of an offence of stealing or receiving stolen property, or any other offence in respect of property, the magistrate shall have the like power to issue a warrant to search for the property.
PROCEEDINGS FOR COMMITTAL
10. (1) A person arrested in pursuance of a warrant issued under section 9 shall unless he is previously discharged under subsection (3) of that section be brought as soon as practicable before such magistrate's court in this Act referred to as the 'court of committal', as may be directed by the warrant.
(2) For the purposes of proceedings under this section, the court of committal shall have the like jurisdiction and powers, including power to remand in custody or to release on bail as though the proceedings were in respect of an offence triable by that court.
(3) Where the person arrested is in custody by virtue of a provisional warrant and no authority to proceed has been received in respect of him, the court of committal may fix a reasonable period, notice of which shall be given by the court to the Minister, after which shall be shall be discharged from custody unless such an authority has been received.
(4) Where an authority to proceed has been issued in respect of the person arrested and the court of committal is satisfied, after hearing any evidence tendered in support of the request for the extradition of that person or on behalf of that person, that the offence to which the authority relates is an extraditable offence, and is further satisfied -
(a) where that person is accused of the offence, that the evidence would be sufficient to warrant his trial for that offence if it had been committed within the jurisdiction of the court;
(b) where that person is alleged to be unlawfully at large after the conviction of the offence, that he has been so convicted and appears to be so at large,
the court shall, unless his committal is prohibited by any other provision of this Act, commit him to custody to await his extradition thereunder, but if the court is not satisfied, or if the committal of that person is so prohibited, the court shall discharge him from custody.
CONSENT ORDER FOR EXTRADITION
11. (1) A person arrested in pursuance of a warrant issued under section 9 may waive committal proceedings under section 10, and if satisfied that such person has voluntarily and with an understanding of its significance requested such waiver, the court may make an order by consent for the committal of that person to custody or for his admission to bail, to await extradition.
(2) Upon any person being committed to custody or admitted to bail under subsection (1), the Minister may by warrant order him to be extradited to the country or State by which the request for his extradition was made, notwithstanding the provisions of section 12.
(3) The provisions of section 19 shall apply in relation to any person extradited under this section unless waived by him.
HABEAS CORPUS AND REVIEW
12. (1) Where a person is committed to custody under section 10 the court of committal shall inform him in ordinary language of his right to make an application to the Supreme Court for a mandate in the nature of writ of habeas corpus, and shall forthwith give notice of the committal to the Minister.
(2) Where a person is discharged from custody under subsection (4) of section 10 by a court of committal, an application to the Supreme Court may be made by or on behalf of the country or State which the request for extradition is made for review of the decision of the court of committal in committal proceedings.
(3) On any application referred to in subsection (1) the Supreme Court may receive additional evidence relevant to the exercise of its jurisdiction under this section or under section 7.
(4) On an application made under section (1) the Supreme Court may without prejudice to any other jurisdiction of the court order the person committed to be discharged from custody if it appears to the court that -
(a) by reason of the trivial nature of the offence of which he is accused or was convicted; or
(b) because the accusation against him is not made in good faith in the interest of justice;
(c) by reason of the passage of time since he is alleged to have committed it, or to have become unlawfully at large, as the case may be; or
(d) any other sufficient cause,
it would, having regard to all the circumstances, be unjust or oppressive to extradite him.
EXTRADITION OR DISCHARGE BY THE MINISTER
13. No person committed to custody under section 10 shall be extradited under this Act -
(a) in any case, until the expiration of a period of fifteen days commencing on the day on which the order for his committal is made; and
(b) if an application for habeas corpus is made to the Supreme Court, so long as proceedings on that application are pending.
WARRANT FOR EXTRADITION
14. (1) Where a person is committed to await his extradition and is not discharged by order of the Supreme Court, the Minister may by warrant, as may be prescribed order him to be extradited to the country or State by which the request for his extradition was made unless the extradition of that person is prohibited or prohibited for the time being, by section 7, or the Minister decides under this section to make no such order in his case.
(2) The Minister may not issue a warrant under this section in the case of a person who is serving a sentence of imprisonment, or in the case of a person who is charged with an offence, in Vanuatu until after the expiration of the following period, that is to say -
(a) in the case of a person serving such a sentence, until the sentence has been served; and
(b) in the case of a person charged with an offence, until the charge is disposed of or withdrawn and if it results in a sentence of imprisonment not being a suspended sentence, until the sentence has been served.
(3) A person serving a sentence for an extraditable offence of imprisonment, or is charged with an extraditable offence may at the discretion of the Minister, be returned to a designated Commonwealth country or treaty State, in which he is accused of an extraditable offence to enable proceedings to be brought against him in relation to that offence on such conditions as are agreed between Vanuatu and the designated Commonwealth country or the treaty State, as the case may be.
(4) The Minister may issue no warrant under this section in the case of any person if it appears to the Minister, on any ground set out in paragraph (a), paragraph (b), paragraph (c) or paragraph (d) of subsection (4) of section 12, that it would be unjust or oppressive to extradite that person.
(5) (a) The Minister may not issue a warrant under this section in respect of a person who is accused or convicted of an extraditable offence which is not punishable with death in Vanuatu, if that person could be or has been, sentenced to death for that offence in the designated Commonwealth country or treaty State by which the request for his extradition is made.
(b) In determining whether any person would be likely to be sentenced to death, the Minister shall take into account any representation which the designated Commonwealth country or treaty State by which the request for his extradition is made, may make with regard to the possibility that the death sentence if imposed will not be carried out.
(6) The Minister may issue no warrant under this section for the extradition of a person committed in consequence of a request made by or on behalf of a designated Commonwealth country or treaty State if another request for his extradition under this Act has been made by or on behalf of another designated Commonwealth country or treaty State and it appears to the Minister having regard to all the circumstances of the case, and in particular -
(a) the relative seriousness of the offences in question;
(b) the date on which each such request was made; and
(c) the nationality or citizenship of the persons concerned and his ordinary residence,
that preference be given to such other request.
(7) Notice of the issue of a warrant, under this section shall forthwith be given to the person to be extradited thereunder.
DISCHARGE IN CASE OF DELAY IN EXTRADITING
15. (1) If any person committed to await his extradition is in custody in Vanuatu under this Act after the expiration of the following period, that is to say -
(a) in any case, the period of two months commencing on the first day on which he could have been extradited, having regard to section 13; or
(b) where warrant for his extradition has been issued under section 14, a period of one month commencing on the day on which that warrant was issued,
he may apply to the Supreme Court for his discharge.
(2) if upon any application being made the Supreme Court is satisfied that reasonable notice of the proposed application has been given to the Minister, the court may, unless sufficient cause is shown to the contrary, by order direct the applicant to be discharged from custody and, if a warrant for his extradition has been issued under section 14, quash that warrant.
EVIDENCE
16. In any proceedings under this Act, including proceedings on an application for a mandate in the nature of a writ of habeas corpus in respect of a person in custody thereunder -
(a) a document, duly authenticated, which purports to set out evidence given on oath in a designated Commonwealth country or treaty State, shall be admissible as evidence of the matters stated therein;
(b) a document, duly authenticated, which purports to have been receive in evidence, or to be a copy of a document so received, in any proceedings in any such country or State shall be admissible in evidence;
(c) a document, duly authenticated which certifies that such person was convicted on a date specified in the document of an offence against the law of or of a part of, any such country or State shall be admissible as evidence of the fact and date of the conviction.
(2) A document shall be deemed to be duly authenticated for the purposes of this section -
(a) in the case of a document purporting to set out evidence given as aforesaid, if the document purports to be certified by a Judge or magistrate or other officer in or of the country or State in question to be the original document containing or recording that evidence or a true copy of such document;
(b) in the case of a document which purports to have been received in evidence as aforesaid or to be a copy of a document so received, if the document purports to be certified as aforesaid to have been, or to be a true copy of a document which has been, so received;
(c) in the case of a document which certifies that a person was convicted as aforesaid, if the document purports to be certified as aforesaid,
and in any such case the document is authenticated either by the oath of a witness, or by the official seal of a Minister, of the designated Commonwealth country or treaty State in question.
(3) In this section "oath" includes affirmation or declaration; and nothing in this section shall be deemed or construed to affect or prejudice the admission in evidence of any document which is admissible in evidence otherwise than under this section.
CUSTODY
17. (1) Any person remanded or committed to custody under section 10 shall be committed to a like institution as a person charged with an offence before the court of committal.
(2) If any person who is in custody by virtue of a warrant under this Act, escapes from custody; he may be taken in any part of Vanuatu in like manner as person escaping from custody under a warrant for his arrest issued in that part in respect of an offence committed therein.
(3) Where a person, being in custody in any part of Vanuatu, whether under this Act or otherwise, is required to be removed in custody under this Act to another part of Vanuatu, and is so removed, he shall be deemed to continue to be in legal custody until he reaches the place to which he is required to be removed.
(4) A warrant under section 14 for the extradition of any person to a designated Commonwealth country or treaty State shall be sufficient authority for all person to whom it is directed and all police, prisons and other officers to receive that person, keep him in custody and convey him into the jurisdiction of that country or State.
PART III
EXTRADITION FROM DESIGNATED COMMONWEALTH COUNTRIES AND TREATY STATES
EXTRADITION OF PERSONS TO VANUATU AND CERTAIN RESTRICTIONS UPON PROCEEDINGS AGAINST THEM
18. (1) Where a person accused or convicted of an extraditable offence in Vanuatu, whether committed before or after the commencement of the Act, is suspected of being, in any designated Commonwealth country or treaty State or within the jurisdiction of or of a part of, such country or State, the Minister may make a request to that country or State for the extradition of that person.
(2) Where any person has been extradited to Vanuatu upon a request for his extradition being made, such person shall not, during the period described in subsection (3) of this section, be arrested, detained, remanded or otherwise dealt with in Vanuatu for or in respect of any offence committed before his extradition, other than -
(a) the offence in respect of which he was extradited;
(b) any lesser offence proved by the facts established for the purposes of securing his extradition; or
(c) any other extraditable offence in respect of which the Government of the designated Commonwealth country or the treaty State from which he was extradited has consented to his being dealt with.
(3) The period referred to in subsection (2) of this section in relation to a person to whom this section applies is the period commencing on the day of his arrival in Vanuatu on his extradition and ending forty-five days after the first subsequent day on which he has opportunity to leave Vanuatu.
RESTORATION OF PERSONS NOT TRIED OR ACQUITTED
19. (1) Where a person accused of an offence is extradited to Vanuatu and -
(a) proceedings against him for the offence for which he was extradited are not begun within the period of six months commencing on the day of his arrival in Vanuatu on being extradited; or
(b) on his trial for that offence, he is acquitted or discharged by any court in Vanuatu,
the Minister may, if he thinks fit, on the request of that person, arrange for him to be sent back free of charge and within little delay as possible to the designated Commonwealth country or treaty State from which he was extradited.
PART IV
MISCELLANEOUS
REGULATIONS
20. (1) The Minister may make regulations under this Act in respect of all such matters as are necessary for giving full force and effect to the principles and provisions of this Act, and in particular, in respect of any matter required by this Act to be prescribed.
EXTRADITION FROM VANUATU APPLICABLE TO OFFENCES COMMITTED BEFORE AND AFTER THE COMMENCEMENT OF THIS ACT
21. A person whose extradition is sought by a designated Commonwealth country or treaty State shall, subject to the provisions of this Act, be liable to be arrested and extradited whether the offence in respect of which he has been accused or convicted was committed before or after the commencement of this Act.
PROPERTY FOUND ON FUGITIVE OFFENDERS
22. Everything found in the possessions of a person at the time of his arrest which may be material as evidence in proving the extraditable offence may be delivered up with such person when he is dealt with subject to the rights, if any, of third persons in respect thereto.
COMMENCEMENT
23. This Act shall come into force on the date of its publication in the Gazette.
__________
SCHEDULE
DESCRIPTION OF EXTRADITABLE OFFENCES IN DESIGNATED COMMONWEALTH COUNTRIES (SECTION 6)
A. (1) Murder of any degree.
(2) Manslaughter.
(3) An offence against the law relating to abortion.
(4) Maliciously or wilfully wounding or inflicting grievous bodily harm.
(5) Assault occasioning actual bodily harm.
(6) Rape.
(7) Unlawful sexual intercourse with a female.
(8) Indecent assault.
(9) Procuring, or trafficking in, women or young persons for immoral purposes.
(10) Bigamy.
(11) Kidnapping, abduction or false imprisonment, or dealing in slaves.
(12) Stealing, abandoning, exposing or unlawfully detaining a child.
(13) Bribery.
(14) Perjury or subornation of perjury or conspiring to defeat the course of justice.
(15) Arson.
(16) An offence concerning counterfeit currency.
(17) An offence against the law relating to forgery.
(18) Stealing, embezzlement, fraudulent conversion, fraudulent false accounting, obtaining property or credit by false pretences,
receiving stolen property or any other offence in respect of property involving fraud.
(19) Burglary, housebreaking or any similar offence.
(20) Robbery.
(21) Blackmail or extortion by means of threats or by abuse of authority.
(22) An offence against bankruptcy law or company law.
(23) Malicious or wilful damage to property.
(24) Acts done with the intention of endangering vehicles, vessels or aircrafts.
(25) An offence against the law relating to dangerous drugs or narcotics.
(26) Piracy.
(27) Revolt against the authority of the master of a ship or the commander of an aircraft.
(28) Contravention of import or export prohibitions relating to precious stones, gold and other precious metals.
------------------------------------
PacLII:
Copyright Policy
|
Disclaimers
|
Privacy Policy
|
Feedback
URL: http://www.paclii.org/vu/legis/num_act/ea1988149