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"Statutory Reversals of Proof: Justifying Reversals and the Impact of Human Rights"     1

Cases Referring to this Journal Article

Case Name	Citation(s)	Court †	Jurisdiction	Date	Full Text		Citation Index
Kumar v State	[2023] FJCA 125	Court of Appeal of Fiji	Fiji	27 Jul 2023	PacLII		3

Legislation Cited

Cases and Articles Cited

Case Name	Citation(s)	Court †	Jurisdiction	Date	Full Text		Citation Index
"The Presumption of Innocence and Reverse Burdens: A Balancing Act"	(2007) 66 Cambridge Law Journal 142	Cambridge Law Journal	United Kingdom	circa 2007			5
Kumar v State	[2023] FJCA 125	Court of Appeal of Fiji	Fiji	27 Jul 2023	PacLII		3
[2005] Ch 7	[2005] Ch 7	Court of Chancery	United Kingdom	circa 2005	LexisNexis / Westlaw		4
"Reform of the criminal law with fair trial as the guiding star"	(1995) 19 Criminal Law Journal 258	Criminal Law Journal	Australia	circa 1995	Legal Online		2
"Taking the Burden of Proof Seriously"	[1995] Criminal Law Review 783	Criminal Law Review	United Kingdom	circa 1995	Westlaw		1
R v Roy Clarke	[2008] EWCA Crim 893	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	circa 2008	BAILII		1
R v Keogh	[2007] EWCA Crim 528; [2007] 3 All ER 789; [2007] 1 WLR 1500; [2007] All ER (D) 105	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	7 Mar 2007	BAILII		5
R v Makuwa	[2006] EWCA Crim 175; [2006] 1 WLR 2755; [2007] 1 All ER (Comm) 1027; [2006] All ER (D) 324	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	23 Feb 2006	BAILII		9
[2006] Ewca Crim 229	[2006] EWCA Crim 229; [2007] 2 Cr App R 11; [2007] 1 WLR 2272	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	circa 2006	BAILII		35
R v Carass	[2001] EWCA Crim 2845; [2002] 1 WLR 1714; [2001] All ER (D) 300	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	circa 2001	BAILII		12
Stafford v United Kingdom	(2002) 35 EHRR 1121	European Court of Human Rights	Europe	circa 2002			42
Fitt v United Kingdom	[2000] ECHR 89; (2000) 30 EHRR 480	European Court of Human Rights	Europe	16 Feb 2000	BAILII		24
Inca1 v Turkey	(1998) 29 EHRR 221	European Court of Human Rights	Europe	circa 1998			2
Van Mechelen v Netherlands	[1997] ECHR 22; (1997) 25 EHRR 647; 2 BHRC 486	European Court of Human Rights	Europe	23 Apr 1997	BAILII		49
Johnson v United Kingdom	(1997) 27 EHRR 296	European Court of Human Rights	Europe	circa 1997			36
Ferrantellr v Italy	(1996) 23 EHRR 266	European Court of Human Rights	Europe	circa 1996			2
Beaumartin v France	[1994] ECHR 40; (1995) 19 EHRR 485	European Court of Human Rights	Europe	24 Nov 1994	BAILII		6
Edwards v United Kingdom	[1992] ECHR 77; (1992) 15 EHRR 417	European Court of Human Rights	Europe	16 Dec 1992	BAILII		47
(1988) 13 Ehrr 379	(1988) 13 EHRR 379	European Court of Human Rights	Europe	circa 1988			94
Winterwerp v The Netherlands	[1979] ECHR 4; (1979) 2 EHRR 387	European Court of Human Rights	Europe	24 Oct 1979	BAILII		170
Roach v Electoral Commissioner	[2007] HCA 43; (2007) 233 CLR 162; 239 ALR 1	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	circa 2007	AustLII		520
Mallard v R	[2005] HCA 68; (2005) 224 CLR 125; (2005) 222 ALR 236; (2005) 80 ALJR 160; 157 A Crim R 121	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	15 Nov 2005	AustLII		237
Strong v R	[2005] HCA 30; (2005) 224 CLR 1; 216 ALR 219; 79 ALJR 1171	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	15 Jun 2005	AustLII		30
Al-Kateb v Godwin	[2004] HCA 37; (2004) 219 CLR 562; (2004) 208 ALR 124; (2004) 78 ALJR 1099; 79 ALD 233	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	6 Aug 2004	AustLII		720
Dyers v R	[2002] HCA 45; (2002) 210 CLR 285; (2002) 192 ALR 181; (2002) 76 ALJR 1552; (2002) 23 Leg Rep C1	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	9 Oct 2002	AustLII		370
Azzopardi v R	[2001] HCA 25; (2001) 205 CLR 50; 179 ALR 349; (2001) 119 A Crim R 8; (2001) 22 Leg Rep C1	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	3 May 2001	AustLII		505
Minister for Immigration and Ethnic Affairs v Teoh	[1995] HCA 20; (1995) 183 CLR 273; (1995) 128 ALR 353; (1995) 69 ALJR 423; (1995) 39 ALD 206; [1995] EOC 92-696; [1996] 1 CHRLD 67; (1995) 7 Leg Rep 18	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	7 Apr 1995	AustLII		1846
Weissensteiner v R	[1993] HCA 65; (1993) 178 CLR 217; (1993) 117 ALR 545; (1993) 68 ALJR 23; (1993) 68 A Crim R 251	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	17 Nov 1993	AustLII		548
Dietrich v R	[1992] HCA 57; (1992) 177 CLR 292; (1992) 109 ALR 385; (1992) 67 ALJR 1; 64 A Crim R 176	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	13 Nov 1992	AustLII		1606
Hksar v Hung Chan Wa	[2006] HKCFA 85; (2006) 9 HKCFAR 614; [2006] 3 HKLRD 841	Hong Kong Court of Final Appeal	Hong Kong	31 Aug 2006	HKLII		76
Ghaidan v Godin-Mendoza	[2004] UKHL 30; [2004] 2 AC 557; [2004] 3 All ER 411; 16 BHRC 671; [2004] UKHRR 827; [2004] Fam Law 641; [2004] 3 WLR 113; [2004] 2 P & CR DG17	House of Lords	United Kingdom	21 Jun 2004	BAILII		591
Sheldrake v DPP; Attorney General's Reference (No 4 of 2002)	[2004] UKHL 43; [2005] 1 AC 264; [2005] 1 All ER 237; [2004] 3 WLR 976; [2005] RTR 13; (2004) 168 JP 669; (2004) 17 BHRC 339; [2004] All ER (D) 169	House of Lords	United Kingdom	circa 2004	BAILII		139
R v Johnstone	[2003] UKHL 28; [2003] 3 All ER 884; (2003) 167 JP 281; [2003] 1 WLR 1736; [2003] All ER (D) 323; [2003] UKHRR 1239; [2003] HRLR 25; [2003] FSR 42; (2003) 167 JPN 453; [2003] 2 Cr App R 33	House of Lords	United Kingdom	22 May 2003	BAILII		82
R v Lambert	[2001] UKHL 37; [2002] QB 1112; [2002] 1 All ER 2; [2001] 3 WLR 206; [2001] UKHRR 1074; [2001] Crim LR 806; [2001] 2 Cr App R 511	House of Lords	United Kingdom	5 Jul 2001	BAILII		61
R v DPP; Ex parte Kebilene	[1999] UKHL 43; [2000] 2 AC 326; [1999] 4 All ER 801; [1999] 3 WLR 972; [2000] Crim LR 486; [2000] 1 Cr App R 275	House of Lords	United Kingdom	28 Oct 1999	BAILII		388
Woolmington v DPP	[1935] UKHL 1; (1935) 25 Cr App R 72; (1935) 5 New Zealand Police Law Reports 492	House of Lords	United Kingdom	circa 1935	BAILII		69
R v Momcilovic ’	(2010) 14 International Journal of Evidence and Proof 253	International Journal of Evidence and Proof		circa 2010	LexisNexis		1
"Four Threats to the Presumption of Innocence"	(2006) 10 International Journal of Evidence and Proof 241	International Journal of Evidence and Proof		circa 2006	LexisNexis		5
Right of Silence, The Presumption of Innocence, The Burden of Proof, and a Modest Proposal: A Reply to O ’ Reilly ’ (year?)	(1996) 86 Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 559	Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology	United States	circa 1996	HeinOnline		2
"Human Rights and Politicized Human Rights: A Utilitarian Critique"	(2007) 6 Journal of Human Rights 3	Journal of Human Rights	United Kingdom	circa 2007			1
R v Turner	[1816] EngR 587; 105 ER 1026; (1816) 5 M & S 206	King's Bench	United Kingdom - Scotland	circa 1816	CommonLII		40
"The Presumption of Innocence Brought Home? Kebilene Deconstructed"	(2002) 118 Law Quarterly Review 41	Law Quarterly Review	United Kingdom	circa 2002	Westlaw		3
"Insanity, Automatism and the Burden of Proof on the Accused"	(1995) 111 Law Quarterly Review 475	Law Quarterly Review	United Kingdom	circa 1995	Westlaw		10
"What of the Right to Silence: Still Supporting the Presumption of Innocence, or a Growing Legal Fiction"	(2001) 1 Macquarie Law Journal 63	Macquarie Law Journal	Australia	circa 2001	AustLII		3
"Presumption of Innocence and the Human Rights Act, The"	(2004) 67 Modern Law Review 402	Modern Law Review	United Kingdom	circa 2004	HeinOnline		2
"Double Jeopardy Law Reform: A Criminal Justice Commentary"	(2002) 65 Modern Law Review 393	Modern Law Review	United Kingdom	circa 2002	HeinOnline		4
Burden of Proof, Risk of Non-Persuasion and Judicial Pragmatism ’	(1991) 54 Modern Law Review 570	Modern Law Review	United Kingdom	circa 1991	HeinOnline		1
"Australia's Growing Debt to the European Court of Human Rights"	(2008) 34 Monash University Law Review 239	Monash University Law Review	Australia	circa 2008	AustLII		3
"Pre-trial Detainment: The Fruitless Search for the Presumption of Innocence"	(1986) 47 Ohio State Law Journal 277	Ohio State Law Journal	United States	circa 1986	HeinOnline / LexisNexis		2
"The Golden Thread - Somewhat Frayed"	(1988) 6 Otago Law Review 615	Otago Law Review	New Zealand	circa 1988	NZLII		1
"The Mythic Difficulty in Proving a Negative"	(1985) 15 Seton Hall Law Review 276	Seton Hall Law Review	United States	circa 1985	HeinOnline / LexisNexis		2
R v Hansen	[2007] NZSC 7; [2007] 3 NZLR 1; (2007) 23 CRNZ 104; (2007) 8 HRNZ 222	Supreme Court of New Zealand	New Zealand	circa 2007	NZLII		362
R v Momcilovic	[2010] VSCA 50; (2010) 25 VR 436; (2010) 265 ALR 751	Supreme Court of Victoria - Court of Appeal	Australia - Victoria	17 Mar 2010	AustLII		135
"The Human Rights Act and the Law of Criminal Evidence: Ten Years On"	(2011) 33 Sydney Law Review 333	Sydney Law Review	Australia	circa 2011	AustLII		3
"Two Kinds of Legal Rules: A Comparative Study of Burden-of-Persuasion Practices in Criminal Cases"	77 Yale Law Journal 880	Yale Law Journal	United States		HeinOnline / Westlaw		8
Sheldrake v DPP	[2004] QB 487; [2004] RTR 13; (2003) 167 JP 333; [2003] 2 Cr App R 206		United Kingdom	24 Feb 2003	BAILII		1
R v Morgentaler	[1988] 1 SCR 30			circa 1988			77
Woolmington v DPP	[1935] AC 462		United Kingdom	circa 1935	LexisNexis / Westlaw		751
R v Oakes	[1986] CanLII 46		Canada	circa 1986	CanLII
R v Hunt	[1987] AC 352; [1987] 1 All ER 1; (1986) 84 Cr App R 163; [1986] 3 WLR 1115		United Kingdom	circa 1987	LexisNexis / Westlaw		98
Sherras v De Rutzen	[1895] UKLawRpKQB 77; [1895] 1 QB 918; [1895-99] All ER 1167; 72 LT 839; 11 TLR 369		United Kingdom	2 May 1895	CommonLII		232
Momcilovic v R	(2011) 209 A Crim R 1; (2011) 85 ALJR 957; (2011) 280 ALR 221; (2011) 245 CLR 1; [2011] HCA 34		Australia	circa 2011	Legal Online / Westlaw		612
R v Sefton	[1917] VR 259		Australia - Victoria	circa 1917	LexisNexis AU		6
L v DPP	[2003] QB 137		United Kingdom	circa 2003	LexisNexis / Westlaw		7
Brown v Stott	[2003] 1 AC 681; 703 De G 719		United Kingdom	circa 2003	LexisNexis / Westlaw		155
R v Edwards	[1975] QB 27; [1974] 2 All ER 1085; (1974) 3 WLR 285; (1974) 59 Cr App R 213		United Kingdom	circa 1975	LexisNexis / Westlaw		127
[1990] Tas R 46	[1990] Tas R 46		Australia - Tasmania	circa 1990			7
R v Martin	[1963] TASStRp 12; [1963] Tas SR 103		Australia - Tasmania	29 Aug 1963	AustLII		19
R v Galbraith	[1981] 2 All ER 1060; [1981] 1 WLR 1039; (1981) 73 Cr App R 124; 2 Crim LR 767; 144 JP 406		United Kingdom	circa 1981	LexisNexis		713
(2006) 80 Aljr 479	(2006) 80 ALJR 479		Australia	circa 2006			2
Vriend v Alberta	[1988] 1 SCR 493			circa 1988			1
R v Codere	(1916) 12 Cr App R 12		United Kingdom	circa 1916	LexisNexis		2