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Legislation Cited

Cases and Articles Cited

Case Name	Citation(s)	Court	Jurisdiction	Date	Full Text †		Citation Index
[2010] CompLRes 3	[2010] CompLRes 3	Computerisation of Law Resources (AustLII)	Australia	circa 2010	AustLII		1
Dunn v R	[2007] NSWCCA 312	Supreme Court of New South Wales - Court of Criminal Appeal	Australia - New South Wales	13 Nov 2007	AustLII		20
R v Robinson	[2004] NSWSC 465	Supreme Court of New South Wales	Australia - New South Wales	28 May 2004	AustLII		4
Chipunza	[2021] EWCA Crim 597	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	23 Apr 2021	BAILII		2
Forstater v CGD Europe	[2021] UKEAT 0105/20/JOJ	Employment Appeals Tribunal	United Kingdom	circa 2021	BAILII		1
Scottow v Crown Prosecution Service	[2020] EWHC 3421; [2020] EWHC 3421 (Admin); [2021] Crim LR 315; [2021] 1 WLR 1828	High Court of England and Wales	United Kingdom - England and Wales	16 Dec 2020	BAILII		17
R (Harrison) v Justice Secretary	[2020] EWHC 2096 (Admin); [2020] HRLR 18	High Court of England and Wales	United Kingdom - England and Wales	31 Jul 2020	BAILII		2
Attorney General s Reference (No 1 of 2020)	[2020] EWCA Crim 665; [2021] QB 441	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	4 Mar 2020	BAILII		3
R (Miller) v College of Policing	[2020] EWHC 255 (Admin); [2020] EWHC 225; [2020] HRLR 10	High Court of England and Wales	United Kingdom - England and Wales	circa 2020	BAILII
Pwr, Akdogan and Demir v DPP	[2020] EWHC 798	High Court of England and Wales	United Kingdom - England and Wales	circa 2020	BAILII
R v Bitton	[2019] EWCA Crim 1372	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	5 Jun 2019	BAILII		2
R v Gaskin (Arthur)	[2019] EWCA Crim 1048	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	circa 2019	BAILII		1
R v Burns	[2017] EWCA Crim 1466	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	7 Sep 2017	BAILII		3
Smyth, Re Judicial Review	[2017] NIQB 55	High Court of Justice in Northern Ireland - Queens Bench	United Kingdom - Northern Ireland	9 Jun 2017	BAILII		2
R v Jogee	[2016] UKSC 8; [2017] AC 387; [2016] 2 All ER 1; [2016] 2 WLR 681; [2016] 1 Cr App R 31	United Kingdom Supreme Court	United Kingdom	18 Feb 2016	BAILII		158
Harron v Chief Constable of Dorset Police	[2016] UKEAT 0234/15/DA	Employment Appeals Tribunal	United Kingdom	circa 2016	BAILII		1
R v O’Leary	[2015] EWCA Crim 1306; [2016] 1 Cr App R (S) 11	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	30 Jul 2015	BAILII		3
In re JR38	[2015] UKSC 42; [2016] AC 1131; [2015] 3 WLR 155	United Kingdom Supreme Court	United Kingdom	1 Jul 2015	BAILII		43
R (Fox) v Secretary of State for Education	[2015] EWHC 3404	High Court of England and Wales	United Kingdom - England and Wales	circa 2015	BAILII		2
Chandhok &   Anor v Tirkey	[2014] UKEAT 0190_14_1912	Employment Appeals Tribunal	United Kingdom	19 Dec 2014	BAILII		1
R (Hodkin) v Registrar General of Marriages	[2013] UKSC 77; [2014] 1 AC 610; [2014] 2 WLR 23	United Kingdom Supreme Court	United Kingdom	11 Dec 2013	BAILII		9
R v Hobson	[2013] EWCA Crim 819; [2013] 1 WLR 3733; [2013] 2 Cr App R 27	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	23 May 2013	BAILII		8
R v b	[2013] EWCA Crim 291	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	circa 2013	BAILII		3
R (Dyer) v Watford Magistrates Court	[2013] EWHC 547	High Court of England and Wales	United Kingdom - England and Wales	circa 2013	BAILII
Chambers v DPP	[2012] EWHC 2157; [2012] EWHC 2157 (Admin); [2013] 1 WLR 1833	High Court of England and Wales	United Kingdom - England and Wales	27 Jul 2012	BAILII		12
R v Sadique	[2011] EWCA Crim 2872; [2012] 2 All ER 793; [2012] 1 WLR 1700; [2012] 1 Cr App R 257; [2011] All ER (D) 99	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	circa 2011	BAILII		2
R v S H	[2010] EWCA Crim 1931	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	3 Aug 2010	BAILII		5
Jones v DPP (DPP)	[2010] EWHC 523	High Court of England and Wales	United Kingdom - England and Wales	circa 2010	BAILII
R v Sheppard	[2010] EWCA Crim 65; [2010] 1 WLR 2779	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	circa 2010	BAILII		10
Ors v Nicolson	[2009] UKEAT 0219/09/0311	Employment Appeals Tribunal	United Kingdom	circa 2009	BAILII		1
Ors v Nicolson	[2009] UKEAT 0219	Employment Appeals Tribunal	United Kingdom	circa 2009	BAILII		1
British Chiropractic Association v Singh	[2009] EWHC 1101	High Court of England and Wales	United Kingdom - England and Wales	circa 2009	BAILII		3
Murray v Express Newspapers plc	[2008] EWCA Civ 446; [2008] All ER (D) 70; [2008] 3 WLR 1360; [2008] UKHRR 736; [2008] HRLR 33; [2008] Fam Law 732; [2008] EMLR 12; [2008] ECDR 12	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Civil Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	7 May 2008	BAILII		82
R v Davies	[2008] EWCA Crim 1055	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	21 Apr 2008	BAILII		4
Blue, R v	[2008] EWCA Crim 769	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	3 Apr 2008	BAILII		2
R v Herbert, Harris, Hulme, Hulme and Mallet	[2008] EWCA Crim 2051	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	circa 2008	BAILII		1
R (Blewett) v Derbyshire CC	[2008] EWHC 2775	High Court of England and Wales	United Kingdom - England and Wales	circa 2008	BAILII		1
Kendall v South East Essex Magistrates’ Court	[2008] EWHC 1848	High Court of England and Wales	United Kingdom - England and Wales	circa 2008	BAILII
Johnson v DPP	[2008] EWHC 509	High Court of England and Wales	United Kingdom - England and Wales	circa 2008	BAILII
DPP v Howard	[2008] EWHC 608	High Court of England and Wales	United Kingdom - England and Wales	circa 2008	BAILII		1
McClintock v Department of Constitutional Affairs	[2007] UKEAT 0223_07_3110; [2008] IRLR 29	Employment Appeals Tribunal	United Kingdom	31 Oct 2007	BAILII		12
Babbs, R v	[2007] EWCA Crim 2737; [2007] All ER (D) 383	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	25 Oct 2007	BAILII		2
R v Rogers	[2007] UKHL 8; (2007) 23 BHRC 88	House of Lords	United Kingdom	28 Feb 2007	BAILII		5
Reil	[2006] EWCA Crim 3141	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	circa 2006	BAILII		2
Taylor v DPP	[2006] EWHC 1202	High Court of England and Wales	United Kingdom - England and Wales	circa 2006	BAILII
R (Williamson) v Secretary of State for Education and Employment	[2005] UKHL 15; [2005] 2 AC 246; [2005] 2 All ER 1; [2005] 2 WLR 590; [2005] ELR 291	House of Lords	United Kingdom	24 Feb 2005	BAILII		112
R v Last	[2005] EWCA Crim 106; [2005] 2 Cr App R (S) 64	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	25 Jan 2005	BAILII		28
Attorney General's Reference (No 4 of 2004), Re	[2005] EWCA Crim 889; [2005] 1 WLR 2810; [2005] All ER (D) 332	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	circa 2005	BAILII		6
McGillivray	[2005] EWCA Crim 604; [2005] Cr App R (S) 60	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	circa 2005	BAILII		3
R v Underwood	[2004] EWCA Crim 2256; [2005] 1 Cr App R 13; [2005] 1 Cr App R (S) 90	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	30 Jul 2004	BAILII		53
Sullivan, Gibbs, Elener and Elener	[2004] EWCA Crim 1762; [2005] 1 Cr App R (S) 67; [2005] Cr App R (S) 308; [2005] 1 Cr App R (S) 308; [2005] 1 Cr App R 3	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	8 Jul 2004	BAILII		34
DPP v M	[2004] EWHC 1453; [2004] EWHC 1453 (Admin); [2004] 1 WLR 2758; [2004] All ER (D) 358	High Court of England and Wales	United Kingdom - England and Wales	25 May 2004	BAILII		6
[2004] Ewhc 183	[2004] EWHC 183	High Court of England and Wales	United Kingdom - England and Wales	circa 2004	BAILII		1
Parry	[2004] EWHC 3112	High Court of England and Wales	United Kingdom - England and Wales	circa 2004	BAILII
[2004] Ewca Crim 924	[2004] EWCA Crim 924	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	circa 2004	BAILII		2
DPP v Green	[2004] EWHC 1225	High Court of England and Wales	United Kingdom - England and Wales	circa 2004	BAILII
G v DPP	[2004] EWHC 183	High Court of England and Wales	United Kingdom - England and Wales	circa 2004	BAILII		1
[2004] Ewca Crim 631	[2004] EWCA Crim 631	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	circa 2004	BAILII		13
Jameel v Wall Street Journal	[2003] EWHC 37	High Court of England and Wales	United Kingdom - England and Wales	circa 2003	BAILII
R v Fitzgerald	[2003] EWCA Crim 2875	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	circa 2003	BAILII		1
DPP v Stoke-on-Trent Magistrates' Court	[2003] EWHC 1593	High Court of England and Wales	United Kingdom - England and Wales	circa 2003	BAILII		2
DPP v Woods	[2002] EWHC 85	High Court of England and Wales	United Kingdom - England and Wales	22 Jan 2002	BAILII		2
McFarlane	[2002] EWHC 485	High Court of England and Wales	United Kingdom - England and Wales	circa 2002	BAILII
White v White	[2001] UKHL 9; [2001] 2 All ER 43; [2001] 1 All ER (Comm) 1105; [2001] 1 WLR 481; [2001] Lloyds Rep IR 493; [2001] 1 Lloyds Rep 679; [2001] RTR 25; [2001] PIQR P20	House of Lords	United Kingdom	1 Mar 2001	BAILII		37
R v White (Anthony)	[2001] EWCA Crim 216; [2001] 1 WLR 1352	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	14 Feb 2001	BAILII		7
Kelly , R v	[2001] EWCA Crim 170; [2001] 2 Cr App R (S) 73; [2001] Crim LR 411	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	6 Feb 2001	BAILII		23
DPP v Pal	[2000] EWHC 656	High Court of England and Wales	United Kingdom - England and Wales	circa 2000	BAILII
Redmond-Bate v DPP	[1999] EWHC Admin 733; (1999) 7 BHRC 375; 163 JP 789; [1999] Crim LR 998; [2000] HRLR 249	High Court of England and Wales	United Kingdom - England and Wales	23 Jul 1999	BAILII		61
Goodwin v United Kingdom	[1996] ECHR 16; (1996) 22 EHRR 123; 1 BHRC 81	European Court of Human Rights	Europe	27 Mar 1996	BAILII		84
[1995] Ukhl 16	[1995] UKHL 16	House of Lords	United Kingdom	circa 1995	BAILII		7
Commission for Racial Equality v Dutton	[1988] EWCA Civ 17; [1989] QB 783; [1989] 1 All ER 306; [1989] IRLR 8; [1989] 2 WLR 17	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Civil Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	27 Jul 1988	BAILII		20
Westminster City Council v Croyalgrange Ltd	[1986] UKHL 9; [1986] 2 All ER 353; 83 Cr App R 155; [1986] Crim LR 693; [1986] 1 WLR 674; 84 LGR 801; (1986) 150 JP 449	House of Lords	United Kingdom	15 May 1986	BAILII		24
Mandla (Sewa Singh) v Dowell Lee	[1982] UKHL 7; [1983] 2 AC 548; [1983] 1 All ER 1062; [1983] 2 WLR 620; [1983] IRLR 209; [1983] ICR 385	House of Lords	United Kingdom	24 Mar 1982	BAILII		120
Bailey	[2011] EWCA Crim 1979	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	circa 1979	BAILII		2
Ealing London Borough Council v Race Relations Board	[1971] UKHL 3; [1972] AC 342; [1972] 2 WLR 71	House of Lords	United Kingdom	16 Dec 1971	BAILII		75
R v Robert K	[2008] EWCA Crim 1923	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	circa 1923	BAILII		2
Stephen Lawrence Inquiry: Report of an Inquiry by Sir William Macpherson of Cluny	[1999] CM 4262-I	Canadian Courts Martial	Canada	circa 1999	CanLII		4
[1990] CM 962	[1990] CM 962	Canadian Courts Martial	Canada	circa 1990	CanLII		1
R v Allday	[1839] EngR 199; 173 ER 431; (1839) 8 C & P 136		United Kingdom	circa 1839	CommonLII		7
(2021) 85 (5) Journal of Criminal Law 362	(2021) 85 (5) Journal of Criminal Law 362	Journal of Criminal Law	United Kingdom	circa 2021	HeinOnline		1
(2014) 77 Modern Law Review 563	(2014) 77 Modern Law Review 563	Modern Law Review	United Kingdom	circa 2014	HeinOnline		1
(2015) 41 Australian Feminist Law Journal 177	(2015) 41 Australian Feminist Law Journal 177	Australian Feminist Law Journal	Australia	circa 2015	HeinOnline / Informit		1
Consistency, Practical and Formal Approaches�	(2016) 29 Canadian Journal of Law and Jurisprudence 275	Canadian Journal of Law and Jurisprudence	Canada	circa 2016	HeinOnline / LexisNexis		1
(2014) 34 Oxford Journal of Legal Studies 47	(2014) 34 Oxford Journal of Legal Studies 47	Oxford Journal of Legal Studies	United Kingdom	circa 2014	HeinOnline / LexisNexis		1
M Pinto, †What Are Offences to Feelings Really About? A New Regulative Principle for the Multicultural Eraâ€	(2010) 30 (4) Oxford Journal of Legal Studies 695	Oxford Journal of Legal Studies	United Kingdom	circa 2010	HeinOnline / LexisNexis		1
"Vegan Discrimination: An Emerging And Difficult Dilemma"	(2003) 36 Loyola of Los Angeles Law Review 1709	Loyola of Los Angeles Law Review	United States	circa 2003	HeinOnline / LexisNexis		1
"Rethinking Non-fatal Offences against the Person"	(1994) 14 (3) Oxford Journal of Legal Studies 335	Oxford Journal of Legal Studies	United Kingdom	circa 1994	HeinOnline / LexisNexis		2
(2017) 57 British Journal of Criminology 1	(2017) 57 British Journal of Criminology 1	British Journal of Criminology	United Kingdom	circa 2017	HeinOnline / Westlaw		1
Experiences of Targeted Victimization Among Goths and Developing Notions of Hate Crime’�	(2014) 54 British Journal of Criminology 613	British Journal of Criminology	United Kingdom	circa 2014	HeinOnline / Westlaw		1
[2000] 1 Cr App R 458; 2 Cr App R (S) 71	[2000] 1 Cr App R 458; 2 Cr App R (S) 71		United Kingdom	circa 2000	LexisNexis		8
R v Newton	(1983) 77 Cr App R 13; (1982) 4 Cr App R (S) 388; [1983] Crim LR 198		United Kingdom	circa 1983	LexisNexis		103
R v Greenfield	(1973) 3 All ER 1050; (1973) 57 Cr App R 849; [1973] 1 WLR 1151		United Kingdom	circa 1973	LexisNexis		57
R v Bourne	(1952) 36 Cr App R 125		United Kingdom	circa 1952	LexisNexis		26
R v Boal	[1992] QB 591; [1992] 3 All ER 177; (1992) 95 Cr App R 272; [1992] 2 WLR 890; [1992] BCLC 872		United Kingdom	circa 1992	LexisNexis / Westlaw		63
Parkin v Norman; Valentine v Lilley	[1983] QB 92; [1982] 2 All ER 583; [1982] 3 WLR 523		United Kingdom	circa 1983	LexisNexis / Westlaw		19
Registrar General ex parte Segerdal	[1970] 2 QB 697; [1970] 3 All ER 886; [1970] 3 WLR 479		United Kingdom	circa 1970	LexisNexis / Westlaw		9
Re B Johnson & Co (Builders) Ltd	[1955] Ch 634; [1955] 2 All ER 775; [1955] 3 WLR 269	Court of Chancery	United Kingdom	circa 1955	LexisNexis / Westlaw		99
(1884) 14 QBD 273	(1884) 14 QBD 273	Queen's Bench	United Kingdom	circa 1884	LexisNexis / Westlaw		108
Gibson v Barton	(1875) LR 10 QB 329		United Kingdom	circa 1875	LexisNexis / Westlaw		23
D v Kapoor v Union of India	[1990] INSC 224; 1990 4 SCC 314; 1990 3 SCR 697; 1990 2 SCALE 175; 1990 3 JT 403; AIR 1990 SC 1923; [1990] SCC (L & S) 696	Supreme Court of India	India	7 Aug 1990	LIIofIndia		144
Goldman v R	[1980] 1 SCR 976	Supreme Court of Canada	Canada	21 Dec 1979	Supreme Court of Canada		7
(2021) 10 Criminal Law Review 809	(2021) 10 Criminal Law Review 809	Criminal Law Review	United Kingdom	circa 2021	Westlaw		1
(2009) 4 Criminal Law Review 245	(2009) 4 Criminal Law Review 245	Criminal Law Review	United Kingdom	circa 2009	Westlaw		1
DPP v Pal	[2000] Criminal Law Review 756	Criminal Law Review	United Kingdom	circa 2000	Westlaw		2
(The Presumption of Innocence in English Criminal Law	[1996] Crim LR 306		United Kingdom	circa 1996	Westlaw		6
"Conceptualising “ Racism ” in Criminal Law"	(2013) 33 Legal Studies 215	Legal Studies	United Kingdom	circa 2013	Wiley ScienceDirect		2
Illinois ex rel Madigan v Telemarketing Assocs , Inc	538 US 600; 155 L Ed 2d 793; 123 SCt 1829	United States Supreme Court	United States	5 May 2003	WorldLII		11
Edwards v National Audubon Society, Inc	556 F2d 113; 2 Media LRep 1849	United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit	United States	25 May 1977	WorldLII		37
Gertz v Robert Welch, Inc	418 US 323; 41 L Ed 2d 789; 94 SCt 2997	United States Supreme Court	United States	25 Jun 1974	WorldLII		480
Miller v California	413 US 15; 37 L Ed 2d 419; 93 SCt 2607	United States Supreme Court	United States	9 Oct 1973	WorldLII		455
Brandenburg v Ohio	395 US 444; 89 SCt 1827; 23 L Ed 2; 23 L Ed 2d 430	United States Supreme Court	United States	9 Jun 1969	WorldLII		288
Chaplinsky v New Hampshire	315 US 568; 86 L Ed 1031; 62 SCt 766	United States Supreme Court	United States	9 Mar 1942	WorldLII		336
Peck v United Kingdom	[2003] EHRR 287	European Court of Human Rights	Europe	circa 2003			1
Stosiek	(1982) 4 Cr App R (S) 205		United Kingdom	circa 1982			15
611 Fla 612	611 Fla 612		United States - Florida	circa 1990			1
(2014) 14 (5) Criminology and Criminal Justice 549	(2014) 14 (5) Criminology and Criminal Justice 549	Criminology and Criminal Justice		circa 2014			1
TELUS Communications Co v R	[2013] 2 SCR 3; [2013] SCC 16			circa 2013			2
R v Marakah	[2017] 2 SCR 608			circa 2017			3
256 Head 3	256 Head 3		United States - Tennessee	circa 1990			1
2 Act 1986	2 Act 1986		United Kingdom	circa 1986			65
Forstater v CGD Europe
R v Solomon and Triumph	(1984) 6 Cr App R (S) 120; [1984] Crim LR 433		United Kingdom	circa 1984			21
589 HL 111	589 HL 111		United Kingdom	circa 1990			1
255 Head 2	255 Head 2		United States - Tennessee	circa 1990			1
(1989) 298 British Medical Journal 260	(1989) 298 British Medical Journal 260	British Medical Journal	United Kingdom	circa 1989			1
[2021] Head 2	[2021] Head 2		United States - Tennessee	circa 2021			1
52 JP 215	52 JP 215		United Kingdom	circa 1990			1
Conisbee v Crossley Farms Ltd &   Others	[2019] ET 3335357/2018		United Kingdom	circa 2018			1
Lisk v Shield Guardian Co Ltd	[2011] ET 3300873/112011		United Kingdom	circa 2011			1
[2021] CP 394	[2021] CP 394	Court of Common Pleas	United Kingdom	circa 2021			1
Jameel v Wall Street Journal Europe Sprl	[2006] HL 44		United Kingdom	circa 2006			1
Gibbins v British Council	[2017] ET 2200088/2017		United Kingdom	circa 2017			1
Casamitjana Costa v The League Against Cruel Sports	[2020] ET 3331129/2018		United Kingdom	circa 2018			1
Olivier v Department for Work and Pensions (DWP)	[2013] ET 1701407/2013		United Kingdom	circa 2013			1